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Long-Term Effects of Chemical Warfare on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Chronic Medical Conditions in Veterans Publisher Pubmed



Safiaghdam H1 ; Shafie M2 ; Khoshdel A3 ; Moazenzadeh E1, 3 ; Avakh F4 ; Rahmani A2
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, South Kargar Street, Tehran, 13337, Iran
  2. 2. Mental Health Research Center, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Modern Epidemiology Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Faculty of Aerospace and Diving Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Community Mental Health Journal Published:2019


Abstract

We investigated the association between exposure to chemical warfare and chronic mental/physical conditions. This was a secondary analysis of data from a case–control study on Iranian male veterans. Participants with neuropsychiatric disorders other than depressive/anxiety disorders, anatomical defects, or malignancies were excluded. Compared to non-exposed veterans, exposed veterans demonstrated significantly higher odds of PTSD [OR (95% CI) = 5.23 (1.98–13.85)], hypertension [OR (95% CI) = 5.57 (1.68–18.48)], coronary heart disease [OR (95% CI) = 6.8 (1.62–28.49)], and diabetes [OR (95% CI) = 3.88 (1.35–11.16)], and marginally higher odds of moderate to severe depressive symptoms [OR (95% CI) = 2.21 (0.93–5.28)]. This study provides preliminary evidence on association of exposure to chemical warfare with long-term mental disorders as well as chronic medical conditions. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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