Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population

Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population Publisher

Seyyedsalehi MS^{1, 2} ; Rossi M³ ; Hadji M^{2, 4} ; Rashidian H² ; Marzban M⁵ ; Parpinel M⁶ ; Fiori F⁶ ; Naghibzadehtahami A^{7, 8} ; Hannun YA^{9, 10} ; Luberto C^{9, 11} ; Zendehdel K^{2, 12} ; Boffetta P^{1, 9}

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1. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
2. Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 5166614711, Iran
3. The Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universita Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
4. Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, 33521, Finland
5. Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, 3640, QC, Canada
6. Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, Udine, 33100, Italy
7. Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7619833477, Iran
8. Health Foresight and Innovation Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 7619833477, Iran
9. Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, New York, 11794, NY, United States
10. Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, 11794, NY, United States
11. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, United States
12. Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 5166614711, Iran

Source: Cancers Published:2023

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in low- and middle-income countries, likely due to changing lifestyle habits, including diet. We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary betaine, choline, and choline-containing compounds and CRC risk. Methods: We analyzed data from a case–control study, including 865 CRC cases and 3206 controls from Iran. Detailed information was collected by trained interviewers using validated questionnaires. The intake of free choline, phosphocholine (Pcho), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), and sphingomyelin (SM), as well as of betaine was estimated from food frequency questionnaires and categorized into quartiles. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of CRC for choline and betaine quartiles were calculated using multivariate logistic regression by adjusting for potential confounders. Results: We observed excess risk of CRC in the highest versus lowest intake of total choline (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.13, 1.33), GPC (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.00, 1.27), and SM (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.01, 1.28). The intake of betaine exerted an inverse association with CRC risk (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.83, 0.99). There was no association between free choline, Pcho, PtdCho, and CRC. Analyses stratified by gender showed an elevated OR of CRC in men for SM intake OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.03, 1.40) and a significantly decreased CRC risk in women for betaine intake (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.73, 0.97). Conclusion: Dietary modifications leading to an increase in betaine sources and managing the use of animal products as references for SM or other choline types might contribute to decreasing the risk of CRC. © 2023 by the authors.

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Seyyedsalehi MS, et al.. "Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population." Cancers, vol. 15, no. 9, 2023, pp. -.
APA	Seyyedsalehi MS, Rossi M, Hadji M, Rashidian H, Marzban M, Parpinel M, Fiori F, Naghibzadehtahami A, Hannun YA, Luberto C, Zendehdel K, Boffetta P (2023). Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population. Cancers, 15(9), -.
Chicago	Seyyedsalehi MS, Rossi M, Hadji M, Rashidian H, Marzban M, Parpinel M, Fiori F, et al.. "Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population." Cancers 15, no. 9 (2023): -.
Harvard	Seyyedsalehi MS et al. (2023) 'Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population', Cancers, 15(9), pp. -.
Vancouver	Seyyedsalehi MS, Rossi M, Hadji M, Rashidian H, Marzban M, Parpinel M, et al.. Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population. Cancers. 2023;15(9):-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Seyyedsalehi MS and Rossi M and Hadji M and Rashidian H and Marzban M and Parpinel M and Fiori F and Naghibzadehtahami A and Hannun YA and Luberto C and Zendehdel K and Boffetta P}, title = {Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population}, journal = {Cancers}, volume = {15}, number = {9}, pages = {-}, year = {2023} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Seyyedsalehi MS AU - Rossi M AU - Hadji M AU - Rashidian H AU - Marzban M AU - Parpinel M AU - Fiori F AU - Naghibzadehtahami A AU - Hannun YA AU - Luberto C AU - Zendehdel K AU - Boffetta P TI - Dietary Choline and Betaine Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in an Iranian Population JO - Cancers VL - 15 IS - 9 SP - EP - PY - 2023 ER -

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