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Population Attributable Proportion and Number of Cancer Cases Attributed to Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors in Iran in 2020 Publisher Pubmed



Nemati S1 ; Mohebbi E2 ; Toorang F1 ; Hadji M3 ; Hosseini B1, 4 ; Saeedi E5 ; Abdi S1 ; Nahvijou A1 ; Kamangar F6 ; Roshandel G7 ; Ghanbari Motlagh A8, 9 ; Pourshams A10 ; Poustchi H10 ; Haghdoost AA11 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Nemati S1
  2. Mohebbi E2
  3. Toorang F1
  4. Hadji M3
  5. Hosseini B1, 4
  6. Saeedi E5
  7. Abdi S1
  8. Nahvijou A1
  9. Kamangar F6
  10. Roshandel G7
  11. Ghanbari Motlagh A8, 9
  12. Pourshams A10
  13. Poustchi H10
  14. Haghdoost AA11
  15. Najafi F12
  16. Sheikh M13
  17. Malekzadeh R14
  18. Zendehdel K1, 15
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
  3. 3. Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
  4. 4. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
  5. 5. Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Health Science, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
  6. 6. Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  7. 7. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  8. 8. Cancer Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  11. 11. Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  12. 12. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  13. 13. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Genomic Epidemiology Branch, Lyon, France
  14. 14. Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  15. 15. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Source: International Journal of Cancer Published:2023


Abstract

In the current study, we aimed to calculate the fraction of cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors in Iran in 2020. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated for established cancer risk factors using three data sources: the national cancer incidence reports, relative risks extracted from global and national meta-analyses, and exposure prevalence from national/subnational population-based surveys. In addition to overall cancers, the PAFs were estimated separately for each cancer site among men and women. Overall, 32.6% of cancers in 2020 in Iran were attributable to known risk factors. The PAF in men (40.2%) was twice as high as in women (21.1%). Cigarette smoking (15.4%), being overweight (5.0%), opium use (3.9%) and H. pylori infection (3.8%) were the leading causes of cancers. For men, the highest PAFs belonged to cigarette smoking (26.3%), opium use (6.8%) and being overweight (3.1%), while for women, the highest PAFs belonged to being overweight (7.2%), H. pylori infection (2.7%) and cigarette smoking (2.7%). Among Iranian men and women, the PAFs of waterpipe smoking were 2% and 0.9%, respectively. A third of incident cancers in Iran are due to modifiable exposures, mainly cigarette smoking, being overweight, and H. pylori infection. Opium consumption and waterpipe smoking collectively accounted for 8.8% of cancer occurrence in men and 1.3% in women in Iran. These emerging risk factors should be taken into consideration in future PAF studies. © 2023 UICC.
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