Tumor Immunology Publisher



Mahdavi Sharif P^{1, 2} ; Pastaki Khoshbin A^{1, 2} ; Nasrollahzadeh E^{2, 3} ; Keshavarzfathi M^{1, 2, 4} ; Rezaei N^{4, 5, 6}
Source: Clinical Immunology Published:2022

Abstract

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The immune system is a key player in the pathogenesis of cancer and contributes to the inhibition of transformed cells’ outgrowth as well as their progression. Immune components with anti-tumor properties are responsible for tumor eradication through major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. There are also protumor and immunosuppressive components that support tumor outgrowth. Inspired by endogenous anti-tumor immunity, a variety of therapeutic approaches, including monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell therapy, and vaccines, have been developed and evaluated for solid and hematologic malignancies. These immunotherapies have led to a significant improvement of overall survival (OS) in patients with cancer, and some of them are in use for cancer treatment in clinical practice. The combination of immunotherapy with other therapies is also of great importance in this way. Due to the clinical importance of tumor immunology, in this chapter, we will first discuss the basic cancer immunobiology focusing on the interaction of the immune system and transformed cells to inhibit or foster cancer progression and then provide an updated review on the application of immunotherapy for different cancer types, combination therapy, and immunoediting after other therapeutic approaches. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.