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Recent Advances in Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Opportunities for Nanoparticle-Based Therapy Publisher Pubmed



Sanaei MJ1 ; Pourbagherisigaroodi A1 ; Kaveh V2 ; Abolghasemi H3 ; Ghaffari SH4 ; Momeny M5 ; Bashash D1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Mofid Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland

Source: European Journal of Pharmacology Published:2021


Abstract

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer with the highest mortality rate and a poor 5-year survival rate. The majority of the cases are diagnosed in advanced stages when the disease has spread, which makes the tumor inoperable. Due to the antigenic essence of lung tumor cells, immunotherapy is a novel area and has exhibited remarkable results in this malignancy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are inhibitory molecules that disrupt immune checkpoint signaling pathways whether in the immune cells or tumor cells. Tremelimumab and ipilimumab (CTLA-4 blockers), pembrolizumab and nivolumab (PD-1 blockers), and durvalumab, avelumab, and atezolizumab (PD-L1 blockers) are FDA-approved and improve the survival and objective response of NSCLC patients. Despite this, over-stimulation of the immune system via the immune checkpoint therapy is a double-edged sword that causes a spectrum of adverse events from moderate to life-threatening. Nanomedicine considerably impacts the way of diagnosis and treatment of tumors to overcome treatment-related challenges. Accordingly, nanoparticle-based immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy increases the local concentration of immune checkpoint inhibitors while reduces the side effects, which result in boosting the anti-tumor immunity against various types of malignancies, including NSCLC. The current review provides comprehensive information about immune checkpoint therapy in NSCLC, their efficacy, and their safety profile. Besides, recent advances in nanoparticle-based immune checkpoint therapy and its limitation are discussed. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
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