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The Effects of N-3 Fatty Acids From Flaxseed Oil on Genetic and Metabolic Profiles in Patients With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Publisher Pubmed



Jamilian M1 ; Tabassi Z2 ; Reiner Z3 ; Panahandeh I2 ; Naderi F2 ; Aghadavod E4 ; Amirani E4 ; Taghizadeh M4 ; Shafabakhsh R4 ; Satari M4 ; Mansournia MA5 ; Memarzadeh MR4 ; Asemi Z4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 3848176941, Arak, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81151-87159, Kashan, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10-000, Croatia
  4. 4. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81151-87159, Kashan, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 1417613151, Tehran, Iran

Source: British Journal of Nutrition Published:2020


Abstract

The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in sixty women with GDM. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to intake either 2 × 1000 mg/d n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil containing 400 mg α-linolenic acid in each capsule (n 30) or placebo (n 30) for 6 weeks. n-3 Fatty acid intake up-regulated PPAR-γ (P < 0·001) and LDL receptor (P = 0·004) and down-regulated gene expression of IL-1 (P = 0·002) and TNF-α (P = 0·001) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of subjects with GDM. In addition, n-3 fatty acid supplementation reduced fasting plasma glucose (P = 0·001), insulin levels (P = 0·001) and insulin resistance (P < 0·001) and increased insulin sensitivity (P = 0·005) when compared with the placebo. Additionally, n-3 fatty acid supplementation was associated with a decrease in TAG (P < 0·001), VLDL-cholesterol (P < 0·001), total cholesterol (P = 0·01) and total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (P = 0·01) when compared with placebo. n-3 Fatty acid administration was also associated with a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P = 0·006) and malondialdehyde (P < 0·001), and an increase in total nitrite (P < 0·001) and total glutathione levels (P = 0·006) when compared with the placebo. n-3 Fatty acid supplementation for 6 weeks to women with GDM had beneficial effects on gene expression related to insulin, lipid and inflammation, glycaemic control, lipids, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress. © The Authors 2020.
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