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Measuring Progress and Projecting Attainment on the Basis of Past Trends of the Health-Related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 Countries: An Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 Publisher Pubmed



Fullman N1 ; Barber RM1 ; Abajobir AA7 ; Abate KH10 ; Abbafati C11 ; Abbas KM12 ; Abdallah F13 ; Abdulle AM14 ; Abera SF15, 19 ; Aboyans V20 ; Aburaddad LJ21 ; Aburmeileh NME22 ; Adedeji IA23 ; Adetokunboh O24 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Fullman N1
  2. Barber RM1
  3. Abajobir AA7
  4. Abate KH10
  5. Abbafati C11
  6. Abbas KM12
  7. Abdallah F13
  8. Abdulle AM14
  9. Abera SF15, 19
  10. Aboyans V20
  11. Aburaddad LJ21
  12. Aburmeileh NME22
  13. Adedeji IA23
  14. Adetokunboh O24
  15. Afshin A1
  16. Agrawal A25, 26
  17. Agrawal S30
  18. Kiadaliri AA30
  19. Ahmadieh H31, 34, 35
  20. Ahmed MB9
  21. Aichour AN36
  22. Aichour I37
  23. Aichour MTE38
  24. Aiyar S1
  25. Akinyemi RO39, 40
  26. Akseer N41, 42
  27. Alaly Z44, 45
  28. Alam K46, 51, 54
  29. Alam N55
  30. Alasfoor D56
  31. Alene KA57, 59
  32. Alizadehnavaei R60
  33. Alkerwi A61
  34. Alla F62
  35. Allebeck P63
  36. Allen C1
  37. Alraddadi R67
  38. Alsharif U68
  39. Altirkawi KA69
  40. Alvisguzman N70
  41. Amare AT71, 74
  42. Amini E75, 76
  43. Ammar W87
  44. Antonio CAT88
  45. Ansari H90, 91
  46. Anwari P92
  47. Arora M1
  48. Artaman A93
  49. Aryal KK94, 95
  50. Asayesh H96
  51. Asgedom SW19
  52. Assadi R97
  53. Atey TM19
  54. Atre SR98, 100
  55. Avilaburgos L102
  56. Arthur Avokpaho EFG102, 103
  57. Awasthi A104
  58. Azzopardi P46, 47, 105, 106
  59. Bacha U107
  60. Badawi A43, 108
  61. Balakrishnan K109
  62. Bannick MS1
  63. Barac A111
  64. Barkercollo SL112, 113
  65. Barnighausen T114, 117, 118, 119
  66. Barrero LH120
  67. Basu S121
  68. Battle KE122
  69. Baune BT71
  70. Beardsley J128
  71. Bedi N129
  72. Beghi E151
  73. Bejot Y130
  74. Bell ML131
  75. Bennett DA124
  76. Bennett JR1
  77. Bensenor IM133
  78. Berhane A134
  79. Berhe DF16, 136
  80. Bernabe E139
  81. Betsu BD19
  82. Beuran M140, 141
  83. Beyene AS142
  84. Bhala N144, 145
  85. Bhansali A146
  86. Bhatt S147
  87. Bhutta ZA41, 150
  88. Bikbov B151
  89. Bilal AI152
  90. Birungi C156
  91. Biryukov S1
  92. Bizuayehu HM158
  93. Blosser CD5
  94. Boneya DJ157
  95. Bose D159
  96. Bouorm IR87
  97. Brauer M1, 160
  98. Breitborde NJK161
  99. Brugha TS162
  100. Bulto LNB143
  101. Butt ZA163
  102. Cahuanahurtado L102
  103. Cameron E123
  104. Campuzano JC102
  105. Carabin H164
  106. Cardenas R165
  107. Carrero JJ64
  108. Carter A1
  109. Casey DC1
  110. Castanedaorjuela CA166, 167
  111. Rivas JC168, 169
  112. Castro RE170
  113. Catalalopez F171, 172
  114. Cercy K1
  115. Chang HY173, 174
  116. Chang JC175
  117. Charlson FJ1, 7, 176
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  119. Chisumpa VH177, 178
  120. Chitheer AA179
  121. Christensen H180
  122. Christopher DJ181
  123. Cirillo M182
  124. Cooper C125, 183, 184
  125. Criqui MH185
  126. Cromwell EA1
  127. Crump JA186
  128. Dandona L1, 30
  129. Dandona R1, 30
  130. Dargan PI188
  131. Das Neves J189
  132. Davitoiu DV140
  133. De Courten B195
  134. De Steur H196
  135. Degenhardt L1, 197
  136. Deiparine S1
  137. Deribe K153, 200
  138. Deveber GA41
  139. Ding EL116
  140. Djalalinia S201
  141. Do HP203
  142. Dokova K204
  143. Doku DT205, 206
  144. Dorsey ER207
  145. Driscoll TR52
  146. Dubey M208
  147. Duncan BB209, 210
  148. Ebel BE2
  149. Ebrahimi H76, 81
  150. Elkhatib ZZ63, 211
  151. Enayati A212
  152. Endries AY213
  153. Ermakov SP214, 215
  154. Erskine HE1, 7, 176
  155. Eshrati B202, 216
  156. Eskandarieh S217
  157. Esteghamati A77
  158. Estep K1
  159. Faraon EJA89, 218
  160. Sofia E Sa Farinha C219, 220
  161. Faro A221
  162. Farzadfar F76
  163. Fazeli MS222
  164. Feigin VL223
  165. Feigl AB115
  166. Fereshtehnejad SM65
  167. Fernandes JC224
  168. Ferrari AJ1, 7, 176
  169. Feyissa TR225
  170. Filip I226
  171. Fischer F227
  172. Fitzmaurice C1, 3, 228
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  174. Foigt N229
  175. Foreman KJ1, 149
  176. Frank T1
  177. Franklin RC230
  178. Friedman J1
  179. Frostad JJ1
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  184. Gebrehiwot TT10
  185. Geleijnse JM237
  186. Geleto A143, 238
  187. Gemechu BL239
  188. Gething PW126
  189. Gibney KB240
  190. Gill PS241
  191. Gillum RF242
  192. Giref AZ154
  193. Gishu MD143, 243
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  195. Glenn SD1
  196. Godwin WW1
  197. Goldberg EM1
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  199. Goodridge A246
  200. Gopalani SV247
  201. Goryakin Y248
  202. Griswold M1
  203. Gugnani HC249
  204. Gupta R250
  205. Gupta T251, 252
  206. Gupta V253
  207. Hafezinejad N77
  208. Bidgoli HH156
  209. Hailu GB19, 254
  210. Hamadeh RR255
  211. Hammami M256
  212. Hankey GJ257, 258, 259
  213. Harb HL87
  214. Hareri HA154
  215. Hassanvand MS78
  216. Havmoeller R66
  217. Hawley C1
  218. Hay SI1, 123
  219. He J1
  220. Hendrie D260
  221. Henry NJ1
  222. Herediapi IB102
  223. Hoek HW135, 262, 263
  224. Holmberg M1
  225. Horita N264
  226. Hosgood HD252
  227. Hostiuc S140
  228. Hoy DG265
  229. Hsairi M266
  230. Htet AS95, 267
  231. Huang H268
  232. Huang JJ131
  233. Huynh C1
  234. Iburg KM270
  235. Ikeda C1
  236. Inoue M271
  237. Irvine CMS1
  238. Jacobsen KH272
  239. Jahanmehr N32
  240. Jakovljevic MB4, 273
  241. Jauregui A102
  242. Javanbakht M274
  243. Jeemon P27, 275
  244. Jha V127, 276
  245. John D277
  246. Johnson CO1
  247. Johnson SC1
  248. Jonas JB278
  249. Jurisson M279
  250. Kabir Z280
  251. Kadel R281
  252. Kahsay A19
  253. Kamal R282
  254. Karch A283, 284
  255. Karema CK232, 285
  256. Kasaeian A77, 79
  257. Kassebaum NJ1, 286
  258. Kastor A208
  259. Katikireddi SV287
  260. Kawakami N288
  261. Keiyoro PN290, 291
  262. Kelbore SG154
  263. Kemmer L1
  264. Kengne AP293, 295
  265. Kesavachandran CN282
  266. Khader YS296
  267. Khalil IA1
  268. Khan EA297
  269. Khang YH298, 299
  270. Khosravi A76, 300
  271. Khubchandani J301
  272. Kieling C209, 302
  273. Kim D303
  274. Kim JY1
  275. Kim YJ304
  276. Kimokoti RW305
  277. Kinfu Y306
  278. Kisa A307
  279. Kissimovaskarbek KA309
  280. Kivimaki M155, 310
  281. Kokubo Y313
  282. Kopec JA160
  283. Kosen S314
  284. Koul PA315
  285. Koyanagi A316
  286. Kravchenko M317
  287. Krohn KJ1
  288. Defo BK318
  289. Bicer BK319
  290. Kulikoff XR1
  291. Kumar GA30
  292. Kutz MJ1
  293. Kyu HH1
  294. Lal DK30
  295. Lalloo R7
  296. Lansingh VC320, 321
  297. Larsson A322
  298. Lazarus JV323, 324
  299. Lee PH326, 327
  300. Leigh J54
  301. Leung J5, 7
  302. Leung R328
  303. Levi M329
  304. Li Y330
  305. Liben ML331
  306. Linn S332
  307. Liu PY1
  308. Liu S333
  309. Lodha R334
  310. Looker KJ335
  311. Lopez AD48
  312. Lorkowski S336, 339
  313. Lotufo PA133
  314. Lozano R1, 101
  315. Lucas TCD123
  316. Lunevicius R337, 338
  317. Mackay MT51, 340
  318. Maddison ER1
  319. El Razek HMA341
  320. El Razek MMA342
  321. Majdan M343
  322. Majdzadeh R80, 344
  323. Majeed A148
  324. Malekzadeh R82
  325. Malhotra R334
  326. Malta DC345
  327. Mamun AA346
  328. Manguerra H1
  329. Mantovani LG347
  330. Manyazewal T348
  331. Mapoma CC177
  332. Marks GB53
  333. Martin RV350
  334. Martinezraga J351, 352
  335. Martinsmelo FR353
  336. Martopullo I1
  337. Mathur MR30, 156
  338. Mazidi M354
  339. Mcalinden C355, 356
  340. Mcgaughey M1
  341. Mcgrath JJ269, 357, 358
  342. Mckee M360
  343. Mehata S361
  344. Mehndiratta MM362
  345. Meier T363
  346. Meles KG15
  347. Memish ZA364, 365
  348. Mendoza W366
  349. Mengesha MM142
  350. Mengistie MA10
  351. Mensah GA367
  352. Mensink GBM368
  353. Mereta ST10
  354. Meretoja A49, 369
  355. Meretoja TJ312, 370
  356. Mezgebe HB19
  357. Micha R371, 372
  358. Millear A1
  359. Miller TR261, 374
  360. Minnig S1
  361. Mirarefin M1, 375
  362. Mirrakhimov EM376, 377
  363. Misganaw A1
  364. Mishra SR8, 359, 378
  365. Mitchell PB199
  366. Mohammad KA379, 380
  367. Mohammed KE17
  368. Mohammed S119, 381
  369. Mohan MBV383
  370. Mokdad AH1
  371. Mollenkopf SK1
  372. Monasta L384
  373. Hernandez JCM101
  374. Montico M384
  375. Moradilakeh M385
  376. Moraga P386
  377. Morawska L387
  378. Morrison SD5
  379. Moses MW1
  380. Mountjoyvenning C1
  381. Mueller UO389
  382. Muller K1
  383. Murthy GVS28, 360
  384. Musa KI390
  385. Naghavi M1
  386. Naheed A391
  387. Naidoo KS394
  388. Nangia V395
  389. Natarajan G396
  390. Negoi I140, 141
  391. Negoi RI140
  392. Nguyen CT203
  393. Nguyen G1
  394. Nguyen M1
  395. Nguyen QL203
  396. Nguyen TH203
  397. Nichols E1
  398. Ningrum DNA397, 398
  399. Nomura M399
  400. Nong VM203
  401. Norheim OF401
  402. Noubiap JJN295, 402
  403. Obermeyer CM403
  404. Ogbo FA404
  405. Oh IH406
  406. Oladimeji O407
  407. Olagunju AT72, 408, 409
  408. Olagunju TO410, 412
  409. Olivares PR413
  410. Olsen HE1
  411. Olusanya BO414
  412. Olusanya JO414
  413. Ong K1
  414. Oren E415
  415. Ortiz A416
  416. Owolabi MO417, 418
  417. Mahesh PA419
  418. Pana A420
  419. Panda BK208
  420. Pandajonas S421
  421. Papachristou C422
  422. Park EK423
  423. Patton GC47
  424. Paulson K1
  425. Pereira DM190
  426. Perico DN151
  427. Pesudovs K424
  428. Petzold M425, 426
  429. Phillips MR427, 428
  430. Pigott DM1
  431. Pillay JD429
  432. Pinho C1
  433. Piradov MA317
  434. Pishgar F75, 76
  435. Poulton RG187
  436. Pourmalek F160
  437. Qorbani M430
  438. Radfar A431
  439. Rafay A432, 433
  440. Rao PC1
  441. Rahimimovaghar V83
  442. Rahman M51, 434
  443. Ur Rahman MH208
  444. Rahman MA435
  445. Rai RK436
  446. Rajsic S437
  447. Ram U208
  448. Ranabhat CL438, 439
  449. Rawaf S149
  450. Reidy P1
  451. Reinig N1
  452. Reitsma MB1
  453. Remuzzi G151, 440, 441
  454. Renzaho AMN405
  455. Resnikoff S198
  456. Rezaei S442
  457. Blancas MJR101
  458. Roba KT143
  459. Rojasrueda D443
  460. Rokni MB86
  461. Roshandel G82, 444
  462. Roth GA1
  463. Roy A334
  464. Rubagotti E445
  465. Sadat N1
  466. Safdarian M83
  467. Safi S33
  468. Safiri S446
  469. Sagar R334
  470. Salama J1
  471. Salomon JA114
  472. Samy AM447
  473. Sanabria JR448, 450, 451
  474. Santomauro D1, 7, 176
  475. Santos IS132
  476. Santos JV191, 452
  477. Santric Milicevic MM110
  478. Sartorius B292, 392, 459
  479. Satpathy M453
  480. Sawhney M449
  481. Saxena S149
  482. Saylan MI454
  483. Shirude S1
  484. Schmidt MI209
  485. Schneider IJC455
  486. Schneider MT1
  487. Schottker B456, 457
  488. Schutte AE458, 460
  489. Schwebel DC461
  490. Schwendicke F462
  491. Seedat S24
  492. Sepanlou SG82
  493. Servanmori EE101
  494. Shackelford KA1
  495. Shaheen A463
  496. Shahraz S464
  497. Shaikh MA465
  498. Shamsipour M84
  499. Shamsizadeh M466
  500. Islam SMS391, 467
  501. Sharma J468
  502. Sharma R469
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  504. Shi P373
  505. Shibuya K289
  506. Shields C1
  507. Shiferaw MS143
  508. Shigematsu M471, 472
  509. Shin MJ473
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  511. Shirkoohi R85
  512. Shishani K475, 476
  513. Shoman H149
  514. Shrime MG477
  515. Silberberg DH478
  516. Silva DAS479, 480
  517. Silva JP192
  518. Singh JA461
  519. Singh V481
  520. Sinha DN482, 483
  521. Skiadaresi E484, 485
  522. Slepak EL1
  523. Sligar A1
  524. Smith A1
  525. Smith DL1
  526. Smith M1
  527. Sobaih BHA69, 486
  528. Sobngwi E487, 488
  529. Soljak M148
  530. Soneji S489
  531. Sorensen RJD1
  532. Sposato LA411
  533. Sreeramareddy CT490
  534. Srinivasan V1
  535. Stanaway JD1
  536. Stein DJ294, 491
  537. Steiner C1
  538. Steinke S492
  539. Stokes MA493
  540. Strub B1
  541. Sufiyan MB382
  542. Abdulkader RS494
  543. Sunguya BF495
  544. Sur PJ1
  545. Swaminathan S496
  546. Sykes BL497
  547. Sylte DO1
  548. Szoeke CEI50
  549. Tabaresseisdedos R171
  550. Tadakamadla SK498
  551. Tandon N334
  552. Tao T1
  553. Tarekegn YL348
  554. Tavakkoli M499
  555. Taveira N500, 501
  556. Tegegne TK158
  557. Shifa GT154, 213
  558. Terkawi AS502, 503, 504
  559. Tessema GA58, 73
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  562. Thrift AG193, 194
  563. Tiruye TY158
  564. Tobegai R508
  565. Topormadry R308, 509
  566. Torre A1
  567. Tortajada M351, 510
  568. Tran BX99, 511
  569. Troeger C1
  570. Truelsen T325
  571. Tsoi D1
  572. Tuem KB18
  573. Tuzcu EM505
  574. Tyrovolas S512
  575. Ukwaja KN513
  576. Uneke CJ514
  577. Updike R1
  578. Uthman OA515
  579. Van Boven JFM137
  580. Van Donkelaar A349
  581. Varughese S181
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  583. Venketasubramanian N517
  584. Vidavalur R518
  585. Violante FS519
  586. Vladimirov SK520
  587. Vlassov VV521
  588. Vollset SE1, 400, 522
  589. Vos T1
  590. Wadilo F523
  591. Wakayo T10
  592. Wallin MT524, 525
  593. Wang YP526
  594. Weichenthal S527
  595. Weiderpass E64, 528, 529, 530
  596. Weintraub RG46, 51, 531
  597. Weiss DJ127
  598. Werdecker A388
  599. Westerman R389, 532
  600. Whiteford HA1, 6, 176
  601. Wijeratne T51, 533
  602. Wiysonge CS24, 534
  603. Woldeyes BG154
  604. Wolfe CDA138, 535
  605. Woodbrook R1
  606. Xavier D536
  607. Xu G537
  608. Yadgir S1
  609. Yakob B393
  610. Yan LL538
  611. Yano Y539
  612. Yaseri M31, 86
  613. Ye P333
  614. Yimam HH540
  615. Yip P541, 542
  616. Yonemoto N543, 544
  617. Yoon SJ474
  618. Yotebieng M161, 545
  619. Younis MZ546
  620. Zaidi Z547
  621. El Sayed Zaki M548
  622. Zavalaarciniega L101
  623. Zhang X549, 550
  624. Zipkin B1
  625. Zodpey S29
  626. Lim SS1
  627. Murray CJL1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
  2. 2. Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, United States
  3. 3. Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, United States
  4. 4. Center for Health Trends and Forecasts, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
  5. 5. University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  6. 6. School of Public Health, Australia
  7. 7. School of Dentistry, Australia
  8. 8. University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  9. 9. Department of Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, United States
  10. 10. Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  11. 11. La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
  12. 12. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
  13. 13. Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  14. 14. New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
  15. 15. School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, United States
  16. 16. School of Pharmacy, United States
  17. 17. College of Health Sciences, United States
  18. 18. Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  19. 19. Food Security and Institute for Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
  20. 20. Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
  21. 21. Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
  22. 22. Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine
  23. 23. Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
  24. 24. Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  25. 25. CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
  26. 26. Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
  27. 27. Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, United States
  28. 28. Indian Institute of Public Health, India
  29. 29. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  30. 30. Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  31. 31. Ophthalmic Research Center, Iran
  32. 32. School of Public Health, Tehran, Iran
  33. 33. Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  34. 34. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  35. 35. Department of Ophthalmology, Labbafinejad Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
  36. 36. University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria
  37. 37. National Institute of Nursing Education, Setif, Algeria
  38. 38. High National School of Veterinary Medicine, Algiers, Algeria
  39. 39. University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  40. 40. Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
  41. 41. Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
  42. 42. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Canada
  43. 43. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Canada
  44. 44. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  45. 45. Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States
  46. 46. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia
  47. 47. Department of Paediatrics, Australia
  48. 48. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Australia
  49. 49. Department of Medicine, Australia
  50. 50. Institute of Health and Ageing, Australia
  51. 51. University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  52. 52. Sydney School of Public Health, Australia
  53. 53. Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Australia
  54. 54. University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  55. 55. Department of Health, Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  56. 56. Ministry of Health, Al Khuwair, Oman
  57. 57. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Australia
  58. 58. University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  59. 59. Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  60. 60. Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  61. 61. Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
  62. 62. School of Public Health, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
  63. 63. Department of Public Health Sciences, Sweden
  64. 64. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sweden
  65. 65. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Sweden
  66. 66. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  67. 67. Joint Program of Family and Community Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  68. 68. Charite Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
  69. 69. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  70. 70. Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
  71. 71. School of Medicine, United States
  72. 72. Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, United States
  73. 73. University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  74. 74. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  75. 75. Uro-Oncology Research Center, United States
  76. 76. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, United States
  77. 77. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, United States
  78. 78. Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, United States
  79. 79. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, United States
  80. 80. Knowledge Utilization Research Center and Community Based Participatory Research Center, United States
  81. 81. Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Diseases Research Center, United States
  82. 82. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, United States
  83. 83. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Iran
  84. 84. Institute for Environmental Research, Iran
  85. 85. Cancer Research Center, Iran
  86. 86. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  87. 87. Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
  88. 88. Department of Health Policy and Administration, Iran
  89. 89. College of Public Health, Philippines
  90. 90. University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  91. 91. Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  92. 92. Self-employed, Kabul, Afghanistan
  93. 93. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
  94. 94. Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
  95. 95. University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  96. 96. Department of Medical Emergency, School of Paramedic, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
  97. 97. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  98. 98. Centre for Clinical Global Health Education (CCGHE), United States
  99. 99. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  100. 100. Dr D y Patil Vidyapeeth Pune, Pune, India
  101. 101. National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  102. 102. Institut de Recherche Clinique du Benin (IRCB), Cotonou, Benin
  103. 103. Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche-Action en Sante (LERAS Afrique), Parakou, Benin
  104. 104. Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
  105. 105. Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  106. 106. Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  107. 107. School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  108. 108. Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
  109. 109. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
  110. 110. Institute of Social Medicine, Centre School of Public Health and Health Management, United States
  111. 111. Faculty of Medicine, United States
  112. 112. University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  113. 113. School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  114. 114. Department of Global Health and Population, United States
  115. 115. Department of Global Health and Population, Boston, MA, United States
  116. 116. Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
  117. 117. Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  118. 118. Africa Health Research Institute, Mtubatuba, South Africa
  119. 119. Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  120. 120. Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
  121. 121. Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
  122. 122. Malaria Atlas Project, United Kingdom
  123. 123. Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, United Kingdom
  124. 124. Nuffield Department of Population Health, United Kingdom
  125. 125. Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
  126. 126. Department of Zoology, United Kingdom
  127. 127. University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  128. 128. Oxford University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  129. 129. College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  130. 130. University Hospital and Medical School of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
  131. 131. Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
  132. 132. Internal Medicine Department, Brazil
  133. 133. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  134. 134. College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  135. 135. Department of Psychiatry, Netherlands
  136. 136. University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
  137. 137. University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  138. 138. Division of Health and Social Care Research, United Kingdom
  139. 139. King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  140. 140. Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  141. 141. Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  142. 142. College of Health and Medical Sciences, Romania
  143. 143. Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  144. 144. Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  145. 145. University of Otago Medical School, Wellington, New Zealand
  146. 146. Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
  147. 147. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, United Kingdom
  148. 148. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, United Kingdom
  149. 149. Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  150. 150. Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  151. 151. IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
  152. 152. College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  153. 153. School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  154. 154. Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  155. 155. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, United Kingdom
  156. 156. University College London, London, United Kingdom
  157. 157. Department of Public Health, United Kingdom
  158. 158. Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  159. 159. World Bank, Washington, DC, United States
  160. 160. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  161. 161. Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
  162. 162. University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
  163. 163. Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  164. 164. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
  165. 165. Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
  166. 166. Colombian National Health Observatory, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota, Colombia
  167. 167. Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, Public Health Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
  168. 168. Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San Jose, Costa Rica
  169. 169. Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
  170. 170. Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
  171. 171. Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
  172. 172. Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  173. 173. National Health Research Institutes, Zgunan Town, Taiwan
  174. 174. National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
  175. 175. School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
  176. 176. Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  177. 177. University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
  178. 178. University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  179. 179. Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
  180. 180. Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
  181. 181. Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
  182. 182. University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
  183. 183. MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
  184. 184. NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
  185. 185. University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
  186. 186. Centre for International Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, New Zealand
  187. 187. University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
  188. 188. Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
  189. 189. i3S - Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude and INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomedica, Portugal
  190. 190. REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Farmacia, Portugal
  191. 191. Faculty of Medicine, Toxicology Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Portugal
  192. 192. UCIBIO at REQUIMTE, Toxicology Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Portugal
  193. 193. University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  194. 194. Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Health, Australia
  195. 195. Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  196. 196. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
  197. 197. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, United States
  198. 198. Brien Holden Vision Institute, School of Optometry and Vision Science, United Kingdom
  199. 199. University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
  200. 200. Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
  201. 201. Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Iran
  202. 202. Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  203. 203. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  204. 204. Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
  205. 205. University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
  206. 206. University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
  207. 207. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
  208. 208. International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
  209. 209. Federal University of Rio Grande Do sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  210. 210. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  211. 211. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Kigali, Rwanda
  212. 212. School of Public Health and Health Sciences Research Center, Sari, Iran
  213. 213. Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  214. 214. Institute of Social and Economic Studies of Population, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
  215. 215. Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
  216. 216. Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  217. 217. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  218. 218. Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
  219. 219. DGS Directorate General of Health, Lisboa, Portugal
  220. 220. Universidade Aberta, Lisboa, Portugal
  221. 221. Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
  222. 222. Doctor Evidence, Santa Monica, CA, United States
  223. 223. National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
  224. 224. CBQF - Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry - Associate Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal
  225. 225. Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
  226. 226. Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, United States
  227. 227. School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
  228. 228. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
  229. 229. Institute of Gerontology, Academy of Medical Science, Kyiv, Ukraine
  230. 230. James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
  231. 231. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Basel, Switzerland
  232. 232. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
  233. 233. University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
  234. 234. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
  235. 235. Manhica Health Research Center, Manhica, Mozambique
  236. 236. Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
  237. 237. Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
  238. 238. University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
  239. 239. Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
  240. 240. Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  241. 241. Warwick Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  242. 242. Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
  243. 243. Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Harar, Ethiopia
  244. 244. IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
  245. 245. University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
  246. 246. Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas y Servicios de Alta Tecnologia - INDICASAT-AIP, Cuidad del Saber, Panama
  247. 247. Department of Health and Social Affairs, Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Palikir, Federated States of Micronesia
  248. 248. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
  249. 249. Departments of Microbiology and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Saint James School of Medicine, Quarter, Anguilla
  250. 250. Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, India
  251. 251. Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
  252. 252. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
  253. 253. Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
  254. 254. Kilte Awlaelo Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  255. 255. Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  256. 256. Wayne County Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, United States
  257. 257. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
  258. 258. Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
  259. 259. Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
  260. 260. School of Public Health, Perth, WA, Australia
  261. 261. Centre for Population Health, Perth, WA, Australia
  262. 262. Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  263. 263. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
  264. 264. Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
  265. 265. Public Health Division, Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia
  266. 266. Department of Epidemiology, Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
  267. 267. International Relations Division, Ministry of Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
  268. 268. Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States
  269. 269. National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus School of Business and Social Sciences, Denmark
  270. 270. Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  271. 271. Division of Cohort Consortium Research, Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
  272. 272. Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
  273. 273. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
  274. 274. University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
  275. 275. Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
  276. 276. George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
  277. 277. International Center for Research on Women, New Delhi, India
  278. 278. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
  279. 279. Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
  280. 280. University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
  281. 281. London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
  282. 282. CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
  283. 283. Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
  284. 284. Hannover-Braunschweig Site, German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
  285. 285. Quality and Equity Health Care, Kigali, Rwanda
  286. 286. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
  287. 287. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  288. 288. School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
  289. 289. University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  290. 290. Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya
  291. 291. School of Continuing and Distance Education, Nairobi, Kenya
  292. 292. UKZN Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, South Africa
  293. 293. South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
  294. 294. Department of Psychiatry, Cape Town, South Africa
  295. 295. University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
  296. 296. Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
  297. 297. Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
  298. 298. Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
  299. 299. Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
  300. 300. Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  301. 301. Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States
  302. 302. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  303. 303. Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
  304. 304. School of Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia Campus, Sepang, Malaysia
  305. 305. Simmons College, Boston, MA, United States
  306. 306. Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  307. 307. Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
  308. 308. Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poland
  309. 309. Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
  310. 310. Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, Finland
  311. 311. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Work Organizations, Work Disability Program, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Finland
  312. 312. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  313. 313. Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
  314. 314. Center for Community Empowerment, Health Policy and Humanities, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jakarta, Indonesia
  315. 315. Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
  316. 316. Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
  317. 317. Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation
  318. 318. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Department of Demography, Public Health Research Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  319. 319. Institute of Public Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
  320. 320. Help Me See, Inc., New York, NY, United States
  321. 321. Instituo Mexicano de Oftalmologia, Queretaro, Mexico
  322. 322. Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  323. 323. ISGlobal, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  324. 324. CHIP, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
  325. 325. Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
  326. 326. University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  327. 327. Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  328. 328. State University of New York, Albany, Rensselaer, NY, United States
  329. 329. Tuscany Regional Centre for Occupational Injuries and Diseases, Florence, Italy
  330. 330. San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
  331. 331. Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
  332. 332. University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
  333. 333. National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
  334. 334. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
  335. 335. University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
  336. 336. Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
  337. 337. Aintree University Hospital, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  338. 338. School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  339. 339. Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (NutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
  340. 340. Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  341. 341. Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
  342. 342. Aswan University Hospital, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt
  343. 343. Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
  344. 344. National Institute of Health Research, Tehran, Iran
  345. 345. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  346. 346. University of Quensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  347. 347. University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
  348. 348. Ethiopian Public Health Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  349. 349. Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Canada
  350. 350. Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
  351. 351. Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
  352. 352. CEU Cardinal Herrera University, Moncada, Spain
  353. 353. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceara, Caucaia, Brazil
  354. 354. Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
  355. 355. University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
  356. 356. Public Health Wales, Swansea, United Kingdom
  357. 357. Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia
  358. 358. Queensland Brain Institute, Australia
  359. 359. Univresity of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  360. 360. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  361. 361. Ipas Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
  362. 362. Janakpuri Superspecialty Hospital, New Delhi, India
  363. 363. Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
  364. 364. Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  365. 365. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  366. 366. United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru
  367. 367. Center for Translational Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  368. 368. Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
  369. 369. Department of Neurology, Finland
  370. 370. Comprehensive Cancer Center, Breast Surgery Unit, Finland
  371. 371. Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  372. 372. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, United States
  373. 373. Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
  374. 374. Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD, United States
  375. 375. Hunger Action Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  376. 376. Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  377. 377. National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  378. 378. Nepal Development Society, Chitwan, Nepal
  379. 379. University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Iraq
  380. 380. ISHIK University, Erbil, Iraq
  381. 381. Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Nigeria
  382. 382. Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  383. 383. Narayana Health, Bangalore, India
  384. 384. Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
  385. 385. Department of Community Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  386. 386. Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
  387. 387. International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  388. 388. Competence Center Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Germany
  389. 389. Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
  390. 390. School of Medical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
  391. 391. International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (Icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
  392. 392. Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, South Africa
  393. 393. Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, South Africa
  394. 394. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  395. 395. Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India
  396. 396. Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
  397. 397. Department of Public Health, Semarang State University, Semarang City, Indonesia
  398. 398. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
  399. 399. National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
  400. 400. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Norway
  401. 401. University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  402. 402. Medical Diagnostic Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon
  403. 403. Center for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  404. 404. Centre for Health Research, Australia
  405. 405. Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
  406. 406. Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
  407. 407. Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), South Africa and University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  408. 408. Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  409. 409. Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
  410. 410. McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  411. 411. Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Canada
  412. 412. Western University, London, ON, Canada
  413. 413. Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
  414. 414. Center for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
  415. 415. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
  416. 416. IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
  417. 417. Department of Medicine, Ibadan, Nigeria
  418. 418. Blossom Specialist Medical Center, Ibadan, Nigeria
  419. 419. JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, India
  420. 420. Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  421. 421. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
  422. 422. Charite University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  423. 423. Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
  424. 424. Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  425. 425. Health Metrics Unit, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  426. 426. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  427. 427. Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
  428. 428. Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
  429. 429. Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
  430. 430. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  431. 431. A T Still University, Kirksville, MO, United States
  432. 432. Contech International Health Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan
  433. 433. Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan
  434. 434. Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  435. 435. La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  436. 436. Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, India
  437. 437. ERAWEB Program, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
  438. 438. Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
  439. 439. Health Science Foundation and Study Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
  440. 440. Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale, Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
  441. 441. Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  442. 442. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  443. 443. Campus MAR, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), ISGlobal Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  444. 444. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  445. 445. Universidad Tecnica Del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador
  446. 446. Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  447. 447. Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  448. 448. J Edwards School of Medicine, United States
  449. 449. Department of Public Health, Huntington, WV, United States
  450. 450. Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
  451. 451. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  452. 452. Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Center for Health Technology and Services Research - CINTESIS, Porto, Portugal
  453. 453. Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
  454. 454. Bayer Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
  455. 455. Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
  456. 456. Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
  457. 457. Institute of Health Care and Social Sciences, FOM University, Essen, Germany
  458. 458. Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
  459. 459. UKZN Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, Potchefstroom, South Africa
  460. 460. South African Medical Research Council, Potchefstroom, South Africa
  461. 461. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  462. 462. Charite Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  463. 463. Department of Public Health, An-Najah University, Nablus, Palestine
  464. 464. Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
  465. 465. Karachi, Pakistan
  466. 466. Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  467. 467. George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  468. 468. Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
  469. 469. Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
  470. 470. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
  471. 471. National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
  472. 472. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States
  473. 473. Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, United States
  474. 474. Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, South Korea
  475. 475. Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
  476. 476. Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
  477. 477. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
  478. 478. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  479. 479. Fedral University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
  480. 480. Brasilia University, Brasilia, Brazil
  481. 481. Asthma Bhawan, Jaipur, India
  482. 482. School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India
  483. 483. WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, National Institute of Cancer Prevention, Noida, India
  484. 484. Hywel Dda University Health Board, Carmarthen, United Kingdom
  485. 485. Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
  486. 486. King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  487. 487. University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
  488. 488. Yaounde Central Hospital, Yaounde, Cameroon
  489. 489. Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
  490. 490. Department of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  491. 491. South African Medical Research Council Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
  492. 492. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
  493. 493. Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
  494. 494. Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  495. 495. Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
  496. 496. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
  497. 497. Department of Criminology, Law and Society, Sociology, and Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
  498. 498. Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
  499. 499. New York Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, United States
  500. 500. Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude Egas Moniz, Almada, Portugal
  501. 501. Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
  502. 502. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
  503. 503. Department of Anesthesiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  504. 504. Outcomes Research Consortium, United States
  505. 505. Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  506. 506. School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
  507. 507. Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, India
  508. 508. National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
  509. 509. Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
  510. 510. School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
  511. 511. Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  512. 512. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
  513. 513. Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  514. 514. Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  515. 515. Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  516. 516. UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
  517. 517. Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
  518. 518. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
  519. 519. University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  520. 520. Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  521. 521. National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  522. 522. Center for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
  523. 523. Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  524. 524. VA Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
  525. 525. Neurology Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
  526. 526. University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  527. 527. McGill University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  528. 528. Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
  529. 529. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
  530. 530. Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
  531. 531. Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  532. 532. German National Cohort Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
  533. 533. Western Health, Footscray, VIC, Australia
  534. 534. South African Medical Research Council, Cochrane South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
  535. 535. National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  536. 536. St. John's Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India
  537. 537. Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
  538. 538. Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
  539. 539. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
  540. 540. Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
  541. 541. Social Work and Social Administration Department, Hong Kong
  542. 542. Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Hong Kong
  543. 543. University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  544. 544. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
  545. 545. School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo
  546. 546. Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
  547. 547. University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria
  548. 548. Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  549. 549. University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
  550. 550. MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States

Source: The Lancet Published:2017


Abstract

Background: The UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are grounded in the global ambition of leaving no one behind. Understanding today's gains and gaps for the health-related SDGs is essential for decision makers as they aim to improve the health of populations. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016), we measured 37 of the 50 health-related SDG indicators over the period 1990-2016 for 188 countries, and then on the basis of these past trends, we projected indicators to 2030. Methods: We used standardised GBD 2016 methods to measure 37 health-related indicators from 1990 to 2016, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2015. We substantially revised the universal health coverage (UHC) measure, which focuses on coverage of essential health services, to also represent personal health-care access and quality for several non-communicable diseases. We transformed each indicator on a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the 25th percentile estimated between 1990 and 2030, and 100 as the 975th percentile during that time. An index representing all 37 health-related SDG indicators was constructed by taking the geometric mean of scaled indicators by target. On the basis of past trends, we produced projections of indicator values, using a weighted average of the indicator and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2016 with weights for each annual rate of change based on out-of-sample validity. 24 of the currently measured health-related SDG indicators have defined SDG targets, against which we assessed attainment. Findings Globally, the median health-related SDG index was 567 (IQR 319-668) in 2016 and country-level performance markedly varied, with Singapore (868, 95% uncertainty interval 846-889), Iceland (860, 841-876), and Sweden (856, 818-878) having the highest levels in 2016 and Afghanistan (109, 96-119), the Central African Republic (110, 88-138), and Somalia (113, 95-131) recording the lowest. Between 2000 and 2016, notable improvements in the UHC index were achieved by several countries, including Cambodia, Rwanda, Equatorial Guinea, Laos, Turkey, and China; however, a number of countries, such as Lesotho and the Central African Republic, but also high-income countries, such as the USA, showed minimal gains. Based on projections of past trends, the median number of SDG targets attained in 2030 was five (IQR 2-8) of the 24 defined targets currently measured. Globally, projected target attainment considerably varied by SDG indicator, ranging from more than 60% of countries projected to reach targets for under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria, to less than 5% of countries projected to achieve targets linked to 11 indicator targets, including those for childhood overweight, tuberculosis, and road injury mortality. For several of the health-related SDGs, meeting defined targets hinges upon substantially faster progress than what most countries have achieved in the past. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides an updated and expanded evidence base on where the world currently stands in terms of the health-related SDGs. Our improved measure of UHC offers a basis to monitor the expansion of health services necessary to meet the SDGs. Based on past rates of progress, many places are facing challenges in meeting defined health-related SDG targets, particularly among countries that are the worst off. In view of the early stages of SDG implementation, however, opportunity remains to take actions to accelerate progress, as shown by the catalytic effects of adopting the Millennium Development Goals after 2000. With the SDGs' broader, bolder development agenda, multisectoral commitments and investments are vital to make the health-related SDGs within reach of all populations. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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