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Measuring the Health-Related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 Countries: A Baseline Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 Publisher Pubmed



Lim SS1 ; Allen K1 ; Dandona L1, 9 ; Forouzanfar MH1 ; Fullman N1 ; Goldberg EM1 ; Hay SI1 ; Holmberg M1 ; Kutz MJ1 ; Larson HJ1, 15 ; Lopez AD1, 20 ; Mcnellan CR1 ; Mokdad AH1 ; Mooney MD1 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Lim SS1
  2. Allen K1
  3. Dandona L1, 9
  4. Forouzanfar MH1
  5. Fullman N1
  6. Goldberg EM1
  7. Hay SI1
  8. Holmberg M1
  9. Kutz MJ1
  10. Larson HJ1, 15
  11. Lopez AD1, 20
  12. Mcnellan CR1
  13. Mokdad AH1
  14. Mooney MD1
  15. Naghavi M1
  16. Olsen HE1
  17. Pigott DM1
  18. Vos T1
  19. Wang H1
  20. Achoki T1
  21. Afshin A1, 60
  22. Allen C1
  23. Anderson GM1
  24. Barber R1
  25. Bienhoff KA1
  26. Blore J1
  27. Brauer M1, 171
  28. Carter A1
  29. Casey D1
  30. Charlson FJ1, 36, 205
  31. Chen AZ1
  32. Coates MM1
  33. Coggeshall M1
  34. Cohen AJ1, 215
  35. Deshpande A1
  36. Erskine HE1, 36, 205
  37. Ferrari AJ1, 36, 205
  38. Fitzmaurice C1
  39. Foreman K1
  40. Fraser M1
  41. Friedman J1
  42. Frostad J1
  43. Godwin W1
  44. Graetz N1
  45. Griswold M1
  46. Haagsma JA1, 304
  47. Haakenstad A1, 32
  48. Kassebaum NJ1
  49. Kemmer L1
  50. Kulikoff XR1
  51. Kyu HH1
  52. Leung J1, 36, 205
  53. Lind M1
  54. Liu PY1
  55. Masiye F1, 209
  56. Mirarefin M1
  57. Misganaw A1
  58. Moradilakeh M1, 450
  59. Nguyen G1
  60. Pinho C1
  61. Rao PC1
  62. Reitsma MB1
  63. Roth GA1
  64. Santomauro DF1, 36, 205
  65. Shackelford K1
  66. Silpakit N1
  67. Sligar A1
  68. Sorensen RJD1
  69. Stanaway JD1
  70. Steiner C1
  71. Sur P1
  72. Vollset SE1, 484, 540
  73. Wanga V1
  74. Whiteford HA1, 36, 205
  75. Zhao Y1
  76. Zhou M1, 18
  77. Murray CJL1
  78. Kotsakis GA2
  79. Mock CN3
  80. Anderson BO4
  81. Watkins DA4, 369
  82. Bhutta ZA5, 7
  83. Nisar MI6
  84. Akseer N7, 62
  85. Deveber GA7
  86. Jeemon P8, 340, 341
  87. Dandona R9
  88. Kumar GA9
  89. Gething PW10
  90. Bisanzio D11
  91. Cooper C12, 219, 220
  92. Ali R13
  93. Bennett DA13
  94. Jha V13, 342
  95. Weiss DJ13
  96. Kinfu Y14
  97. Patel V16, 243, 500
  98. Langan SM17
  99. Mckee M17
  100. Murthy GVS17, 242
  101. Roberts B17
  102. Stockl H17
  103. Duan L18
  104. Jin Y18
  105. Li Y18, 407
  106. Liu S18
  107. Wang L18
  108. Ye P18
  109. Liang X19
  110. Azzopardi P21, 24, 127, 128
  111. Cowie BC22, 222
  112. Meretoja A23, 439
  113. Patton GC24
  114. Alam K24, 27, 83
  115. Weintraub RG24, 27, 621
  116. Sawyer SM25
  117. Szoeke CEI26
  118. Taylor HR27
  119. Lozano R28
  120. Barrientosgutierrez T28
  121. Camposnonato IR28, 32
  122. Campuzano JC28
  123. Herediapi IB28
  124. Montanez Hernandez JC28
  125. Rios Blancas MJ28
  126. Servanmori EE28
  127. Shamah Levy T28
  128. Salomon JA29
  129. Binagwaho A30, 163, 165
  130. Barnighausen T32, 134, 135
  131. Cahill LE32, 185
  132. Ding EL32
  133. Farvid MS32, 270
  134. Wagner GR32, 614
  135. Thornelyman AL33, 594
  136. James P31, 34, 79
  137. Fitchett JRA35
  138. Abajobir AA36
  139. Knibbs LD36
  140. Veerman JL36
  141. Lalloo R37
  142. Gouda HN38
  143. Guo Y38
  144. Mcgrath JJ38
  145. Abate KH39
  146. Gebrehiwot TT39
  147. Gebremedhin AT39, 285
  148. Abbafati C40
  149. Abbas KM41
  150. Abdallah F42
  151. Abdulle AM43
  152. Abraham B44
  153. Abubakar I45
  154. Aldridge RW45, 46, 47
  155. Banerjee A47
  156. Benzian H48, 150
  157. Tillmann T48
  158. Aburaddad LJ49
  159. Aburmeileh NM50
  160. Melaku YA51, 103, 344
  161. Abyu GY52
  162. Bayou TA52
  163. Betsu BD52
  164. Gebru AA52, 286
  165. Hailu GB52, 286
  166. Tekle DY52
  167. Yalew AZ52
  168. Adebiyi AO53, 56
  169. Owolabi MO54
  170. Akinyemi RO55, 78
  171. Adedeji IA57
  172. Afanvi KA58, 59
  173. Micha R60
  174. Shi P61
  175. Singh GM61
  176. Badawi A63, 130
  177. Agarwal A64, 65
  178. Agrawal A66, 67
  179. Ahmad Kiadaliri A68, 70, 71
  180. Norrving B69
  181. Ahmadieh H72, 74, 75
  182. Yaseri M72, 260
  183. Jahanmehr N73
  184. Ahmed KY76
  185. Alemu ZA76
  186. Tegegne TK76
  187. Akanda AS77
  188. Akinyemiju TF31, 79
  189. Schwebel DC80
  190. Singh JA80
  191. Alaly Z81
  192. Driscoll TR82
  193. Leigh J83
  194. Mekonnen AB83, 433
  195. Neal B83, 218, 472, 473
  196. Alam U84
  197. Alasfoor D85
  198. Albuhairan FS86, 87
  199. Alkhateeb MA88
  200. Aldhahri SF89, 91
  201. Altirkawi KA89
  202. Terkawi AS90, 588, 589
  203. Alkerwi A92
  204. Alla F93
  205. Allebeck P94
  206. Rabiee RHS94
  207. Roy N94, 534
  208. Kivipelto M95
  209. Carrero JJ96
  210. Fereshtehnejad SM97
  211. Weiderpass E98, 618, 619, 620
  212. Havmoeller R99
  213. Sindi S99
  214. Alraddadi R100
  215. Alvarez E101
  216. Alvisguzman N102
  217. Paternina Caicedo AJ102, 463
  218. Amare AT103, 105
  219. Ciobanu LG104
  220. Tessema GA104, 591
  221. Amberbir A106
  222. Amegah AK107
  223. Amini H108, 109
  224. Furst T15, 109, 281
  225. Karema CK110, 356
  226. Ammar W111
  227. Harb HL111
  228. Amrock SM112
  229. Andersen HH113
  230. Antonio CAT114
  231. Anwari P115
  232. Arnlov J116, 117
  233. Larsson A116
  234. Artaman A118
  235. Asayesh H119
  236. Asghar RJ120
  237. Atique S121
  238. Avokpaho EFGA122, 123
  239. Awasthi A124
  240. Ayala Quintanilla BP125, 126
  241. Bacha U129
  242. Balakrishnan K131
  243. Barac A132
  244. Barkercollo SL133
  245. Mohammed S135, 447
  246. Barrero LH136
  247. Basu S137
  248. Del LC137
  249. Bazarganhejazi S138, 139, 140
  250. Beardsley J141
  251. Bedi N142
  252. Beghi E143
  253. Bejot Y144
  254. Sheth KN145, 326
  255. Bell ML146
  256. Bello AK147
  257. Santos IS148
  258. Bensenor IM149
  259. Lotufo PA149
  260. Berhane A151, 152
  261. Wolfe CD153, 623
  262. Bernabe E154
  263. Wolfe I154, 624
  264. Bernal OA155
  265. Roba HS156
  266. Beyene AS157
  267. Mesfin YM157
  268. Bhala N158, 159
  269. Bhatt S160
  270. Biadgilign S161
  271. Bikbov B162
  272. Soneji S164
  273. Bjertness E166
  274. Htet AS167, 322
  275. Bourne RRA168
  276. Brainin M169
  277. Krueger H170
  278. Gotay CC171
  279. Kissoon N171
  280. Murthy S171
  281. Pourmalek F171
  282. Brazinova A172, 173
  283. Majdan M172
  284. Shen J174, 550
  285. Breitborde NJK175
  286. Broday DM176
  287. Brugha TS177
  288. Buchbinder R178, 179
  289. Gabbe B180
  290. Thrift AG181
  291. Butt ZA182, 183
  292. Van Donkelaar A184
  293. Martin RV185
  294. Carabin H186
  295. Cardenas R187
  296. Caso V188
  297. Castanedaorjuela CA189, 190
  298. Castillo Rivas J191, 192
  299. Catalalopez F193, 194
  300. Cavalleri F195
  301. Cecilio P196, 197
  302. Das Neves J196, 198
  303. Massano J199, 431
  304. Pedro JM200, 505
  305. Chang H201, 202, 203
  306. Chang J204
  307. Che X206
  308. Chiang PP207
  309. Chibalabala M208
  310. Chisumpa VH209, 210
  311. Mapoma CC209
  312. Choi JJ211
  313. Chowdhury R212
  314. Christensen H213
  315. Cirillo M214
  316. Piel FB216
  317. Rodriguez A217, 530
  318. Cooke GS218
  319. Majeed A218
  320. Cooper LT221
  321. Crump JA223
  322. Derrett S224
  323. Poulton RG225
  324. Damtew SA226, 229
  325. Workie SB226
  326. Deribe K51, 239, 344
  327. Tefera W228
  328. Giref AZ229
  329. Haile D229
  330. Temam Shifa G229, 261
  331. Dargan PI230
  332. Davis AC231
  333. Newton JN231
  334. Steel N231, 573
  335. Davletov K232
  336. De Castro EF233
  337. De Leo D234
  338. Degenhardt L235
  339. Resnikoff S236, 237
  340. Mitchell PB238
  341. Des Jarlais DC240, 241
  342. Dey S242
  343. Dhillon PK244
  344. Lal DK244
  345. Zodpey S244
  346. Dharmaratne SD245
  347. Dorsey ER246
  348. Doyle KE247
  349. Kemp AH248, 363
  350. Dubey M249
  351. Rahman MHU249
  352. Ram U249
  353. Singh A249
  354. Verma RK249
  355. Yadav AK249
  356. Duncan BB250, 251
  357. Kieling C250, 379
  358. Schmidt MI250
  359. Ebrahimi H252, 253
  360. Esteghamati A252
  361. Farzadfar F252
  362. Hafezinejad N252
  363. Kasaeian A252, 256
  364. Parsaeian M217, 252
  365. Pishgar F252, 258
  366. Sheikhbahaei S252
  367. Fahimi S254
  368. Malekzadeh R254
  369. Roshandel G254, 532
  370. Sepanlou SG254
  371. Hassanvand MS255
  372. Khosravi A257, 377
  373. Rahimimovaghar V259
  374. Endries AY261
  375. Ermakov SP262, 263
  376. Soshnikov S263
  377. Eshrati B264, 265
  378. Farid TA266
  379. Khan AR266
  380. Farinha CSES267, 268
  381. Faro A269
  382. Feigin VL271
  383. Felicio MM272
  384. Fernandes JG273, 274
  385. Fischer F275
  386. Foigt N276
  387. Shiue I277, 558
  388. Fowkes FGR278
  389. Franca EB279
  390. Franklin RC280
  391. Garciabasteiro AL282, 283
  392. Gebre T284
  393. Gessner BD287
  394. Gillum RF288
  395. Mehari A288
  396. Ginawi IA289
  397. Giroud M290
  398. Gishu MD291, 292
  399. Tura AK291, 315
  400. Gona P293
  401. Goodridge A294
  402. Gopalani SV295
  403. Goto A296
  404. Inoue M297, 327, 328
  405. Greenwell KF298
  406. Gupta R299
  407. Gupta R299
  408. Gupta V301
  409. Gutierrez RA302
  410. Gyawali B303
  411. Iburg KM303
  412. Halasa YA305
  413. Undurraga EA305
  414. Hamadeh RR306
  415. Hamidi S307
  416. Hammami M308
  417. Hankey GJ309, 310, 311
  418. Haro JM312, 313
  419. Hoek HW314, 316
  420. Skirbekk V317, 541
  421. Horino M318
  422. Horita N319
  423. Hosgood HD320
  424. Hoy DG321
  425. Hu G323
  426. Huang H324
  427. Idrisov BT325
  428. Kwan GF145, 326
  429. Kawakami N329
  430. Shibuya K330
  431. Islami F331
  432. Jacobs TA332
  433. Jacobsen KH333
  434. Jakovljevic MB334
  435. Jansen HAF335
  436. Javanbakht M336
  437. Jayatilleke AU337, 338
  438. Jee SH339
  439. Jiang Y343
  440. Jibat T345, 346
  441. Jonas JB347
  442. Kabir Z348
  443. Kalkonde Y349
  444. Kamal R350
  445. Kesavachandran CN350
  446. She J351
  447. Kan H352
  448. Kandel A353
  449. Karch A354, 355
  450. Karimkhani C357
  451. Karunapema P358
  452. Kaul A359
  453. Kayibanda JF360
  454. Keiyoro PN361, 362
  455. Matzopoulos R364, 367
  456. Parry CD365, 368, 464
  457. Kengne AP366, 369
  458. Wiysonge CS366, 465
  459. Stein DJ368, 574
  460. Mayosi BM369
  461. Shey M369
  462. Keren A370
  463. Khader YS371
  464. Khan EA372
  465. Khan G373
  466. Khang YH374
  467. Won S339
  468. Khoja TAM375, 376
  469. Khubchandani J378
  470. Kim C380
  471. Kim D381
  472. Kim S382
  473. Kim YJ383
  474. Kimokoti RW384
  475. Kokubo Y385
  476. Kolte D386
  477. Kosen S387
  478. Koul PA388
  479. Koyanagi A389
  480. Kravchenko M390
  481. Varakin YY390
  482. Kuate Defo B391, 392
  483. Kuchenbecker RS393, 394
  484. Kuipers EJ395
  485. Kulkarni VS396
  486. Lal A397
  487. Lucas RM397
  488. Lam H398
  489. Lan Q399
  490. Laryea DO400
  491. Latif AA401
  492. Leasher JL402
  493. Leinsalu M403, 404
  494. Leung R405
  495. Levi M406
  496. Linn S408
  497. Lipshultz SE409, 410
  498. Wilkinson JD409, 410
  499. Simard EP411
  500. Liu Y412
  501. Phillips MR412, 511
  502. Lloyd BK413, 414, 415
  503. Lo L416, 417
  504. Logroscino G418
  505. Lunevicius R419, 420
  506. Magdy M421
  507. Magisrodriguez C422
  508. Mahdavi M423, 424
  509. Malta DC425
  510. Meaney PA426, 432
  511. Margolis DJ427
  512. Martinezraga J428, 429
  513. Masonjones AJ430
  514. Tedla BA433, 587
  515. Memiah P434
  516. Memish ZA435, 436
  517. Mendoza W437
  518. Mensink GBM438
  519. Meretoja TJ440, 441
  520. Mhimbira FA442
  521. Miller TR443, 444
  522. Mills EJ445
  523. Mohammadi A446
  524. Monasta L448
  525. Montico M448
  526. Ronfani L448
  527. Monis JD449
  528. Morawska L451, 452, 454
  529. Sun J452, 453, 454, 577
  530. Mori R455
  531. Werdecker A456
  532. Mueller UO457
  533. Westerman R457, 622
  534. Murdoch ME458
  535. Murimira B459, 460
  536. Murray J461
  537. Musa KI462
  538. Nachega JB339, 465, 466
  539. Seedat S465
  540. Tran BX467, 600
  541. Nagel G468
  542. Rothenbacher D468
  543. Naidoo KS469
  544. Oladimeji O469, 489
  545. Sartorius B469
  546. Zegeye EA469, 640
  547. Naldi L470
  548. Remuzzi G470, 507, 528
  549. Nangia V471
  550. Nejjari C474
  551. Newton CR475
  552. Ngalesoni FN476
  553. Nguhiu P477
  554. Nguyen QL478
  555. Nkamedjie PM479
  556. Nolte S480, 481
  557. Osborne RH482
  558. Nomura M483
  559. Norheim OF485
  560. Obermeyer CM486
  561. Ogbo FA487
  562. Oh I488
  563. Olivares PR490
  564. Olusanya BO491
  565. Olusanya JO491
  566. Opio JN492
  567. Oren E493
  568. Ortiz A494
  569. Ota E495
  570. Mahesh PA496
  571. Park E497
  572. Park H498
  573. Patel T499
  574. Patil ST501
  575. Patten SB502
  576. Tonelli M503
  577. Paudel D504
  578. Pereira DM506
  579. Perico N507
  580. Pesudovs K508
  581. Petzold M509, 510
  582. Pillay JD512
  583. Polinder S513
  584. Qorbani M514
  585. Radfar A515
  586. Rahman M516
  587. Rahman SU517
  588. Rai RK518
  589. Rajsic S519
  590. Raju M520
  591. Rana SM521, 522
  592. Ranabhat CL523
  593. Ranganathan K524, 525
  594. Refaat AH526, 527
  595. Ribeiro AL529
  596. Rojasrueda D531
  597. Roy A533
  598. Sagar R533
  599. Satpathy M533
  600. Sackey BB535
  601. Saleh MM536
  602. Sanabria JR537, 538
  603. Sarmientosuarez R539
  604. Savic M541
  605. Sawhney M542
  606. Schmidhuber J543
  607. Schneider IJC544
  608. Silva DAS544
  609. Schutte AE545, 546
  610. Shaheen A547
  611. Shaikh MA548
  612. Sharma R549
  613. Shigematsu M551, 552
  614. Shin M553
  615. Yoon S554
  616. Shiri R555, 556
  617. Shishani K557
  618. Sigfusdottir ID559
  619. Silverberg JI560
  620. Yano Y561
  621. Singh OP562, 563
  622. Singh PK564
  623. Soreide K565
  624. Soriano JB566
  625. Sposato LA567
  626. Sreeramareddy CT568
  627. Stahl H569, 570
  628. Stathopoulou V571
  629. Steckling N572
  630. Stranges S575
  631. Strong M576
  632. Sunguya BF578
  633. Swaminathan S579
  634. Sykes BL580
  635. Tabaresseisdedos R581
  636. Tabb KM582
  637. Talongwa RT583
  638. Tarawneh MR584
  639. Tavakkoli M585
  640. Taye B586
  641. Tuzcu EM590
  642. Thakur J592
  643. Thomson AJ593
  644. Thurston GD595
  645. Tobegai R596
  646. Topormadry R597, 598
  647. Topouzis F599
  648. Tsala Dimbuene Z601, 602
  649. Tyrovolas S603
  650. Ukwaja KN604
  651. Uneke CJ605
  652. Uthman OA606
  653. Vasankari T607
  654. Vasconcelos AMN608
  655. Venketasubramanian N609
  656. Violante FS610
  657. Vlassov VV611
  658. Volkow P612, 613
  659. Wallin MT615, 616
  660. Weichenthal S617
  661. Woolf AD625
  662. Wubshet M626
  663. Xu G627
  664. Yakob B628
  665. Yan LL629
  666. Yip P630
  667. Yonemoto N631
  668. Younis MZ632
  669. Yu C217, 633
  670. Zaidi Z634, 635
  671. Zaki ME636
  672. Zambranatorrelio C637, 638
  673. Zapata T639
  674. Zonies D641
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
  2. 2. School of Dentistry, United States
  3. 3. Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, United States
  4. 4. University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  5. 5. Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Pakistan
  6. 6. Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  7. 7. Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
  8. 8. Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, India
  9. 9. Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
  10. 10. Department of Zoology, United Kingdom
  11. 11. Nuffield Department of Medicine, United Kingdom
  12. 12. NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
  13. 13. University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  14. 14. Centre for Research & Action in Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  15. 15. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, United Kingdom
  16. 16. Centre for Global Mental Health, United Kingdom
  17. 17. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  18. 18. National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, China
  19. 19. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
  20. 20. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Australia
  21. 21. Department of Paediatrics, Australia
  22. 22. The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Australia
  23. 23. Department of Medicine, Australia
  24. 24. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia
  25. 25. Department of Pediatrics, Australia
  26. 26. Institute of Health and Ageing, Australia
  27. 27. The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  28. 28. National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  29. 29. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, United States
  30. 30. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, United States
  31. 31. Department of Epidemiology, United States
  32. 32. T H Chan School of Public Health, United States
  33. 33. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, United States
  34. 34. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
  35. 35. Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  36. 36. School of Public Health, Australia
  37. 37. School of Dentistry, Australia
  38. 38. University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  39. 39. Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  40. 40. La Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  41. 41. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
  42. 42. Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  43. 43. New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
  44. 44. NMSM Government College Kalpetta, Kerala, India
  45. 45. Institute for Global Health, United Kingdom
  46. 46. Centre for Public Health Data Science, Institute of Health Informatics, United Kingdom
  47. 47. Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, United Kingdom
  48. 48. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, United Kingdom
  49. 49. University College London, London, United Kingdom
  50. 50. Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine
  51. 51. School of Public Health, Ethiopia
  52. 52. Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  53. 53. College of Medicine, Nigeria
  54. 54. Department of Medicine, Nigeria
  55. 55. University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  56. 56. University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
  57. 57. Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
  58. 58. Direction du District Sanitaire de Haho, Notse, Togo
  59. 59. Faculte des Sciences de Sante, Universite de Lome, Lome, Togo
  60. 60. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, United States
  61. 61. Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
  62. 62. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Canada
  63. 63. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Canada
  64. 64. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  65. 65. McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  66. 66. CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
  67. 67. Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
  68. 68. Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Sweden
  69. 69. Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sweden
  70. 70. Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  71. 71. Health Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  72. 72. Ophthalmic Research Center, Iran
  73. 73. School of Public Health, Iran
  74. 74. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  75. 75. Department of Ophthalmology, Labbafi nejad Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
  76. 76. Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  77. 77. University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
  78. 78. Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
  79. 79. Department of Epidemiology, United States
  80. 80. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  81. 81. Washington University in Saint Louis, St Louis, MO, United States
  82. 82. Sydney School of Public Health (Prof T R Driscoll PhD), The University of Sydney, NSW, Sydney, Australia
  83. 83. The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  84. 84. International Center for Humanitarian Affairs, Nairobi, Kenya
  85. 85. Ministry of Health, Al Khuwair, Oman
  86. 86. King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  87. 87. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  88. 88. King Khalid University Hospital, Saudi Arabia
  89. 89. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  90. 90. Department of Anesthesiology, United States
  91. 91. King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  92. 92. Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH Strassen), Luxembourg
  93. 93. School of Public Health, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
  94. 94. Department of Public Health Sciences, Sweden
  95. 95. Aging Research Center, Sweden
  96. 96. Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Sweden
  97. 97. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Sweden
  98. 98. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sweden
  99. 99. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  100. 100. Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  101. 101. Madrid, Spain
  102. 102. Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
  103. 103. School of Medicine, Ethiopia
  104. 104. University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  105. 105. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  106. 106. Dignitas International, Zomba, Malawi
  107. 107. University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
  108. 108. Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  109. 109. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Iran
  110. 110. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
  111. 111. Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
  112. 112. Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
  113. 113. Center for Sensory- Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
  114. 114. Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  115. 115. Kabul, Afghanistan
  116. 116. Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  117. 117. Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
  118. 118. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
  119. 119. Department of Medical Emergency, School of Paramedic, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
  120. 120. South Asian Public Health Forum, Islamabad, Pakistan
  121. 121. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
  122. 122. Institut de Recherche Clinique du Benin, Cotonou, Benin
  123. 123. Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche-Action en Sante (LERAS. Afrique), Parakou, Benin
  124. 124. Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
  125. 125. The Judith Lumley Centre for Mother, Infant and Family Health Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  126. 126. Peruvian National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru
  127. 127. Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  128. 128. Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  129. 129. School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  130. 130. Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
  131. 131. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
  132. 132. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  133. 133. School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  134. 134. Africa Health Research Institute, Mtubatuba, South Africa
  135. 135. Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  136. 136. Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
  137. 137. Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
  138. 138. College of Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  139. 139. David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  140. 140. Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
  141. 141. Oxford University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  142. 142. College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  143. 143. IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
  144. 144. University Hospital and Medical School of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
  145. 145. School of Medicine, United States
  146. 146. Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
  147. 147. University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
  148. 148. Internal Medicine Department, Brazil
  149. 149. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  150. 150. Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, College of Dentistry, United States
  151. 151. New York University, New York, NY, United States
  152. 152. New York University, New York, NY, United States
  153. 153. Division of Health and Social Care Research, United Kingdom
  154. 154. King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  155. 155. University Andes, Bogota, Colombia
  156. 156. College of Health and Medical Sciences, Ethiopia
  157. 157. Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  158. 158. Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  159. 159. University of Otago Medical School, Wellington, New Zealand
  160. 160. Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
  161. 161. Independent Public Health Consultants, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  162. 162. Department of Nephrology Issues of Transplanted Kidney, Academician V.I. Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russian Federation
  163. 163. Department of Pediatrics & The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, United States
  164. 164. Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
  165. 165. The University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
  166. 166. Department of Community Medicine, Norway
  167. 167. University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  168. 168. Vision & Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  169. 169. Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria
  170. 170. School of Population and Public Health, Canada
  171. 171. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  172. 172. Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
  173. 173. International Neurotrauma Research Organization, Vienna, Austria
  174. 174. College of Medicine, United States
  175. 175. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
  176. 176. Technion, Haifa, Israel
  177. 177. University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
  178. 178. Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  179. 179. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Australia
  180. 180. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Australia
  181. 181. Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Australia
  182. 182. Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  183. 183. Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  184. 184. Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Canada
  185. 185. Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
  186. 186. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
  187. 187. Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
  188. 188. Stroke Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
  189. 189. Colombian National Health Observatory, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota, Colombia
  190. 190. Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, Public Health Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
  191. 191. Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San Jose, Costa Rica
  192. 192. Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
  193. 193. Department of Medicine, University of Valencia/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
  194. 194. Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  195. 195. Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
  196. 196. i3S - Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude, Portugal
  197. 197. Pharmacy Faculty, Portugal
  198. 198. INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomedica, Portugal
  199. 199. Faculty of Medicine, Portugal
  200. 200. EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, Portugal
  201. 201. University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  202. 202. National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
  203. 203. National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
  204. 204. School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
  205. 205. Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  206. 206. African Centre for Statistics, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  207. 207. Clinical Governance Unit, Gold Coast Health, Southport, QLD, Australia
  208. 208. Crowd Watch Africa, Lusaka, Zambia
  209. 209. University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
  210. 210. University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  211. 211. Seoul National University Medical Library, Seoul, South Korea
  212. 212. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  213. 213. Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
  214. 214. University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
  215. 215. Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, United States
  216. 216. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, United Kingdom
  217. 217. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, United Kingdom
  218. 218. Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  219. 219. MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
  220. 220. NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
  221. 221. Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
  222. 222. WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  223. 223. Centre for International Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, New Zealand
  224. 224. Injury Prevention Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, New Zealand
  225. 225. University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
  226. 226. Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  227. 227. School of Public Health
  228. 228. College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Ethiopia
  229. 229. Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  230. 230. Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
  231. 231. Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
  232. 232. School of Public Health, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  233. 233. National Institute of Public Health, Mexico City, Mexico
  234. 234. Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  235. 235. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Australia
  236. 236. Brien Holden Vision Institute, Australia
  237. 237. School of Optometry and Vision Science, Australia
  238. 238. University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  239. 239. Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
  240. 240. Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, United States
  241. 241. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
  242. 242. Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, India
  243. 243. Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, India
  244. 244. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
  245. 245. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  246. 246. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
  247. 247. RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
  248. 248. The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
  249. 249. International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
  250. 250. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  251. 251. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  252. 252. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Iran
  253. 253. Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Iran
  254. 254. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Iran
  255. 255. Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Iran
  256. 256. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Iran
  257. 257. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Iran
  258. 258. Uro-Oncology Research Center, Iran
  259. 259. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  260. 260. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  261. 261. Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  262. 262. The Institute of Social and Economic Studies of Population, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
  263. 263. Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
  264. 264. Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  265. 265. Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  266. 266. University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
  267. 267. DGS Directorate General of Health, Lisboa, Portugal
  268. 268. Universidade Aberta, Lisboa, Portugal
  269. 269. Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
  270. 270. Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  271. 271. National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
  272. 272. ARS Norte, I P, Departamento Saude Publica, Porto, Portugal
  273. 273. Institute of Education and Sciences, German Hospital Oswaldo Cruz, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  274. 274. Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
  275. 275. Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
  276. 276. Institute of Gerontology, Academy of Medical Science, Kyiv, Ukraine
  277. 277. Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, United Kingdom
  278. 278. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  279. 279. Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  280. 280. James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
  281. 281. University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
  282. 282. Manhica Health Research Center, Manhica, Mozambique
  283. 283. Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
  284. 284. The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, United States
  285. 285. Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
  286. 286. Kilte Awlaelo Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  287. 287. Agence de Medecine Preventive, Paris, France
  288. 288. College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
  289. 289. College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
  290. 290. University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
  291. 291. Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
  292. 292. Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Harar, Ethiopia
  293. 293. University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
  294. 294. Instituto de Investigaciones Cientifi cas y Servicios de Alta Tecnologia - INDICASAT-AIP, Ciudad del Saber, Panama
  295. 295. Department of Health and Social Aff airs, Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Palikir, Federated States of Micronesia
  296. 296. Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, Japan
  297. 297. National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
  298. 298. Stattis LLC, Chisinau, Moldova
  299. 299. West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston, WV, United States
  300. 300. Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, India
  301. 301. Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
  302. 302. National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico
  303. 303. Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  304. 304. Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  305. 305. Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
  306. 306. Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  307. 307. Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  308. 308. Wayne County Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, United States
  309. 309. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
  310. 310. Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
  311. 311. Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
  312. 312. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu - CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
  313. 313. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  314. 314. Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
  315. 315. University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  316. 316. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, United States
  317. 317. Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
  318. 318. Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Carson City, NV, United States
  319. 319. Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
  320. 320. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
  321. 321. Public Health Division, The Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia
  322. 322. International Relations Division, Ministry of Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
  323. 323. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
  324. 324. Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States
  325. 325. Boston Medical Center, United States
  326. 326. School of Medicine, United States
  327. 327. Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  328. 328. Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
  329. 329. School of Public Health, Japan
  330. 330. University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  331. 331. American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States
  332. 332. MCH Division, USAID - Global Health Bureau, HIDN, Washington, DC, United States
  333. 333. Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
  334. 334. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
  335. 335. UNFPA Asia and the Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand
  336. 336. University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
  337. 337. Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  338. 338. Institute of Violence and Injury Prevention, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  339. 339. Graduate School of Public Health, South Korea
  340. 340. Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
  341. 341. Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
  342. 342. George Institute for Global Health India, New Delhi, India
  343. 343. Department of Health Development, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
  344. 344. School of Public Health, Ethiopia
  345. 345. Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
  346. 346. Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
  347. 347. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
  348. 348. University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
  349. 349. Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, India
  350. 350. CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
  351. 351. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, China
  352. 352. Fudan University, Shanghai, China
  353. 353. University at Buff alo, Buff alo, NY, United States
  354. 354. Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
  355. 355. Hannover-Braunschweig Site, German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
  356. 356. Quality and Equity Health Care, Kigali, Rwanda
  357. 357. Case Western University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, United States
  358. 358. Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  359. 359. Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, United States
  360. 360. Institut de recherche de l'hopital de Monttfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  361. 361. Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya
  362. 362. School of Continuing and Distance Education, Nairobi, Kenya
  363. 363. Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
  364. 364. Burden of Disease Research Unit, South Africa
  365. 365. Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drug Research Unit, South Africa
  366. 366. South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
  367. 367. School of Public Health and Family Medicine, South Africa
  368. 368. Department of Psychiatry, South Africa
  369. 369. University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
  370. 370. Assuta Hospitals, Assuta Hashalom, Tel Aviv, Israel
  371. 371. Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
  372. 372. Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
  373. 373. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  374. 374. College of Medicine, South Korea
  375. 375. Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
  376. 376. Executive Board of the Health Ministers' Council for Cooperation Council States, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  377. 377. Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  378. 378. Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States
  379. 379. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  380. 380. Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Cheongju-si, South Korea
  381. 381. Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
  382. 382. Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, South Korea
  383. 383. Southern University College, Skudai, Malaysia
  384. 384. Simmons College, Boston, MA, United States
  385. 385. Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
  386. 386. Division of Cardiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
  387. 387. Center for Community Empowerment, Health Policy and Humanities, NIHRD, Jakarta, Indonesia
  388. 388. Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
  389. 389. Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
  390. 390. Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation
  391. 391. Department of Demography and Public Health Research Institute, Canada
  392. 392. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Canada
  393. 393. University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  394. 394. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  395. 395. Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  396. 396. Arkansas State University, State University, AR, United States
  397. 397. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  398. 398. Institute of Health Policy and Development Studies, National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
  399. 399. National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
  400. 400. Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
  401. 401. Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
  402. 402. College of Optometry, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
  403. 403. National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
  404. 404. Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change, Sodertorn University, Stockholm, Sweden
  405. 405. State University of New York, Albany, Rensselaer, NY, United States
  406. 406. Tuscany Regional Centre for Occupational Injuries and Diseases, Florence, Italy
  407. 407. San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
  408. 408. University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
  409. 409. School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
  410. 410. Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States
  411. 411. Rollins School of Public Health, United States
  412. 412. Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
  413. 413. Eastern Health Clinical School, Australia
  414. 414. Monash University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
  415. 415. Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  416. 416. UnionHealth Associates, LLC, St Louis, MO, United States
  417. 417. Alton Mental Health Center, Alton, IL, United States
  418. 418. University of Bari, Bari, Italy
  419. 419. Aintree University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  420. 420. School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  421. 421. Aswan University Hospital, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt
  422. 422. National Center for the Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS, Secretariat of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
  423. 423. Social Security Organization Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
  424. 424. Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  425. 425. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  426. 426. Perelman School of Medicine, United States
  427. 427. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  428. 428. University Hospital Doctor Peset, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
  429. 429. CEU Cardenal Herrera University, Moncada, (Valencia), Spain
  430. 430. Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
  431. 431. Hospital Pedro Hispano/ULS Matosinhos, Matosinhos, Portugal
  432. 432. Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  433. 433. University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  434. 434. University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, United States
  435. 435. Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  436. 436. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  437. 437. United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru
  438. 438. Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
  439. 439. Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  440. 440. Helsinki University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki, Finland
  441. 441. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  442. 442. Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
  443. 443. Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, MD, United States
  444. 444. Centre for Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  445. 445. University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  446. 446. Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  447. 447. Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  448. 448. Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo�, Trieste, Italy
  449. 449. Bureau of International Health Cooperation, Manila City, Philippines
  450. 450. Department of Community Medicine, Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  451. 451. International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Australia
  452. 452. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  453. 453. School of Public Health and Social Work, Australia
  454. 454. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  455. 455. National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan
  456. 456. Competence Center Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Germany
  457. 457. Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
  458. 458. West Herts Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford, United Kingdom
  459. 459. AIDS & TB Unit, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Bindura, Zimbabwe
  460. 460. Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council, Harare, Zimbabwe
  461. 461. Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
  462. 462. School of Medical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
  463. 463. Public Health Dynamics Laboratory, United States
  464. 464. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
  465. 465. Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  466. 466. Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
  467. 467. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  468. 468. Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
  469. 469. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  470. 470. Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
  471. 471. Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India
  472. 472. The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  473. 473. Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  474. 474. Faculty of Medicine, Fez, Morocco
  475. 475. KEMRI Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya
  476. 476. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dares Salaam, Tanzania
  477. 477. KEMRI - Wellcome Trust Research Program, Nairobi, Kenya
  478. 478. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  479. 479. Institute For Research, Socio-Economic Development and Communication, Yaounde, Cameroon
  480. 480. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charite Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
  481. 481. Population Health Strategic Research Centre, School of Health and Social Development, Australia
  482. 482. Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
  483. 483. National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
  484. 484. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Norway
  485. 485. University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  486. 486. Center for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  487. 487. Centre for Health Research, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  488. 488. Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
  489. 489. Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
  490. 490. Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
  491. 491. Center for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
  492. 492. Lira District Local Government, Lira Municipal Council, Uganda
  493. 493. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
  494. 494. IISFundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
  495. 495. St Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
  496. 496. JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, India
  497. 497. Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
  498. 498. California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, United States
  499. 499. Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, United States
  500. 500. Sangath, Goa, India
  501. 501. Krishan Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, School of Dental Sciences, Karad, India
  502. 502. Department of Community Health Sciences, Canada
  503. 503. University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
  504. 504. UK Department for International Development, Lalitpur, Nepal
  505. 505. Health Research Centre of Angola, Caxito, Angola
  506. 506. REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
  507. 507. IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
  508. 508. Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  509. 509. Health Metrics Unit, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  510. 510. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  511. 511. Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
  512. 512. Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
  513. 513. Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  514. 514. Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  515. 515. A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, United States
  516. 516. Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  517. 517. Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  518. 518. Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, India
  519. 519. ERAWEB Program, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
  520. 520. University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
  521. 521. Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan
  522. 522. Contech International Health Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan
  523. 523. Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, South Korea
  524. 524. Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
  525. 525. University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  526. 526. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, United States
  527. 527. Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
  528. 528. Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  529. 529. Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  530. 530. School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
  531. 531. (ISGlobal Instituto) de Salud Global de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  532. 532. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  533. 533. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
  534. 534. BARC Hospital, HBNI University, Mumbai, India
  535. 535. World Health Organization, Accra, Ghana
  536. 536. Development Research and Projects Center, Abuja, Nigeria
  537. 537. Marshall University J Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
  538. 538. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  539. 539. Universidad Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogota, Colombia
  540. 540. Centre for Disease Burden, Norway
  541. 541. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
  542. 542. Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
  543. 543. Global Perspective Studies Unit, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
  544. 544. Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
  545. 545. Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
  546. 546. South African Medical Research Council, Potchefstroom, South Africa
  547. 547. Department of Public Health, An-Najah University, Nablus, Palestine
  548. 548. Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
  549. 549. Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, India
  550. 550. Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
  551. 551. National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
  552. 552. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States
  553. 553. Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, South Korea
  554. 554. Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, South Korea
  555. 555. Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
  556. 556. Work Organizations, Work Disability Prevention, The Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
  557. 557. Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
  558. 558. Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
  559. 559. Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
  560. 560. Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
  561. 561. Department of Preventive Medicine, United States
  562. 562. Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
  563. 563. Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
  564. 564. Institute for Human Development, New Delhi, India
  565. 565. Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
  566. 566. Instituto de Investigacion Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
  567. 567. Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
  568. 568. Department of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  569. 569. Institute of Public Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
  570. 570. University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
  571. 571. Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
  572. 572. Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
  573. 573. University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
  574. 574. South African Medical Research Council Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
  575. 575. Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
  576. 576. School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
  577. 577. Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia
  578. 578. Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dares Salaam, Tanzania
  579. 579. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
  580. 580. Departments of Criminology, Law & Society, Sociology, and Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
  581. 581. Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
  582. 582. School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
  583. 583. Ministry of Health, MINSANTE, Yaounde, Cameroon
  584. 584. Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
  585. 585. New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
  586. 586. Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, United States
  587. 587. James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
  588. 588. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
  589. 589. Outcomes Research Consortium, United States
  590. 590. Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  591. 591. University Of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  592. 592. School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
  593. 593. Adaptive Knowledge Management, Victoria, BC, Canada
  594. 594. WorldFish, Penang, Malaysia
  595. 595. Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo, NY, United States
  596. 596. National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
  597. 597. Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
  598. 598. Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
  599. 599. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
  600. 600. Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  601. 601. Department of Population Sciences and Development, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Congo
  602. 602. African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
  603. 603. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
  604. 604. Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  605. 605. Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  606. 606. Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  607. 607. UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
  608. 608. University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
  609. 609. Raffl es Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
  610. 610. University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  611. 611. National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  612. 612. National Cancer Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
  613. 613. National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  614. 614. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC, United States
  615. 615. VA Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
  616. 616. Neurology Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
  617. 617. McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
  618. 618. Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
  619. 619. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
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  621. 621. Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  622. 622. German National Cohort Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
  623. 623. National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  624. 624. Evelina London Children's Healthcare, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
  625. 625. Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, United Kingdom
  626. 626. St Paul's Hospital, Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  627. 627. Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
  628. 628. Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
  629. 629. Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
  630. 630. Social Work and Social Administration Department and The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
  631. 631. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
  632. 632. Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
  633. 633. Global Health Institute, China
  634. 634. Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  635. 635. University Hospital, Setif, Algeria
  636. 636. Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  637. 637. EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, United States
  638. 638. Instituto de Ecologia-Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia
  639. 639. World Health Organization, Windhoek, Namibia
  640. 640. Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  641. 641. Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States

Source: The Lancet Published:2016


Abstract

Background In September, 2015, the UN General Assembly established the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs specify 17 universal goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators leading up to 2030. We provide an analysis of 33 health-related SDG indicators based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015). Methods We applied statistical methods to systematically compiled data to estimate the performance of 33 health-related SDG indicators for 188 countries from 1990 to 2015. We rescaled each indicator on a scale from 0 (worst observed value between 1990 and 2015) to 100 (best observed). Indices representing all 33 health-related SDG indicators (health-related SDG index), health-related SDG indicators included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDG index), and health-related indicators not included in the MDGs (non-MDG index) were computed as the geometric mean of the rescaled indicators by SDG target. We used spline regressions to examine the relations between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI, a summary measure based on average income per person, educational attainment, and total fertility rate) and each of the health-related SDG indicators and indices. Findings In 2015, the median health-related SDG index was 59·3 (95% uncertainty interval 56·8–61·8) and varied widely by country, ranging from 85·5 (84·2–86·5) in Iceland to 20·4 (15·4–24·9) in Central African Republic. SDI was a good predictor of the health-related SDG index (r2=0·88) and the MDG index (r2=0·92), whereas the non-MDG index had a weaker relation with SDI (r2=0·79). Between 2000 and 2015, the health-related SDG index improved by a median of 7·9 (IQR 5·0–10·4), and gains on the MDG index (a median change of 10·0 [6·7–13·1]) exceeded that of the non-MDG index (a median change of 5·5 [2·1–8·9]). Since 2000, pronounced progress occurred for indicators such as met need with modern contraception, under-5 mortality, and neonatal mortality, as well as the indicator for universal health coverage tracer interventions. Moderate improvements were found for indicators such as HIV and tuberculosis incidence, minimal changes for hepatitis B incidence took place, and childhood overweight considerably worsened. Interpretation GBD provides an independent, comparable avenue for monitoring progress towards the health-related SDGs. Our analysis not only highlights the importance of income, education, and fertility as drivers of health improvement but also emphasises that investments in these areas alone will not be sufficient. Although considerable progress on the health-related MDG indicators has been made, these gains will need to be sustained and, in many cases, accelerated to achieve the ambitious SDG targets. The minimal improvement in or worsening of health-related indicators beyond the MDGs highlight the need for additional resources to effectively address the expanded scope of the health-related SDGs. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2016 The Authors(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license
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