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Measuring Performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 Countries and Territories and Selected Subnational Locations: A Systematic Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 Publisher Pubmed



Fullman N1 ; Yearwood J1 ; Abay SM9 ; Abbafati C10 ; Abdallah F11 ; Abdela J13 ; Abdelalim A11 ; Abebe Z18 ; Abebo TA19 ; Aboyans V21 ; Abraha HN26 ; Abreu DMX27 ; Aburaddad LJ28 ; Adane AA18, 32 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Fullman N1
  2. Yearwood J1
  3. Abay SM9
  4. Abbafati C10
  5. Abdallah F11
  6. Abdela J13
  7. Abdelalim A11
  8. Abebe Z18
  9. Abebo TA19
  10. Aboyans V21
  11. Abraha HN26
  12. Abreu DMX27
  13. Aburaddad LJ28
  14. Adane AA18, 32
  15. Adedoyin RA34
  16. Adetokunboh O35, 36
  17. Adhikari TB37
  18. Afarideh M42
  19. Afshin A1
  20. Agarwal G53
  21. Agius D54, 55
  22. Agrawal A56, 57
  23. Agrawal S60
  24. Ahmad Kiadaliri A61
  25. Aichour MTE63
  26. Akibu M64
  27. Akinyemi RO65, 66
  28. Akinyemiju TF67
  29. Akseer N69, 70
  30. Al Lami FH72
  31. Alahdab F73, 74
  32. Alaly Z75
  33. Alam K76
  34. Alam T1
  35. Alasfoor D78
  36. Albittar MI79
  37. Alene KA16, 80
  38. Aleyadhy A82, 83
  39. Ali SD84, 85, 86
  40. Alijanzadeh M87
  41. Aljunid SM88, 89
  42. Alkerwi A90
  43. Alla F91
  44. Allebeck P94
  45. Allen C1
  46. Alomari MA97
  47. Alraddadi R98
  48. Alsharif U99
  49. Altirkawi KA82
  50. Alvisguzman N100
  51. Amare AT102, 103
  52. Amenu K7
  53. Ammar W104
  54. Amoako YA105
  55. Anber N107
  56. Andrei CL108
  57. Androudi S109
  58. Antonio CAT111
  59. Araujo VEM27, 112
  60. Aremu O113
  61. Arnlov J93, 114
  62. Artaman A115
  63. Aryal KK116, 117
  64. Asayesh H118
  65. Asfaw ET22
  66. Asgedom SW26
  67. Asghar RJ119
  68. Ashebir MM24
  69. Asseffa NA120
  70. Atey TM26
  71. Atre SR121, 124
  72. Atteraya MS125
  73. Avilaburgos L126
  74. Avokpaho EFGA127, 128
  75. Awasthi A129
  76. Ayala Quintanilla BP131, 133
  77. Ayalew AA134
  78. Ayele HT135, 136
  79. Ayer R137
  80. Ayuk TB138, 139
  81. Azzopardi P140, 141, 142, 147
  82. Azzopardimuscat N54, 148
  83. Babalola TK149
  84. Badali H151, 152
  85. Badawi A71, 153
  86. Banach M154
  87. Banerjee A156
  88. Banstola A158
  89. Barber RM1
  90. Barboza MA159, 160
  91. Barkercollo SL161
  92. Barnighausen T163, 164, 165
  93. Barquera S126
  94. Barrero LH167
  95. Bassat Q168, 169
  96. Basu S170
  97. Baune BT102
  98. Bazarganhejazi S171, 172
  99. Bedi N173
  100. Beghi E174
  101. Behzadifar M175, 181
  102. Behzadifar M175, 181
  103. Bekele BB15, 184
  104. Belachew AB24
  105. Belay SA185
  106. Belay YA134
  107. Bell ML186
  108. Bello AK187
  109. Bennett DA192
  110. Bennett JR1
  111. Bensenor IM196
  112. Berhe DF23, 198
  113. Bernabe E201
  114. Bernstein RS202, 204
  115. Beuran M108, 205
  116. Bhalla A207
  117. Bhatt P208
  118. Bhaumik S60
  119. Bhutta ZA69, 209
  120. Biadgo B18
  121. Bijani A213
  122. Bikbov B174
  123. Birungi C157
  124. Biryukov S1
  125. Bizuneh H215, 216
  126. Bolliger IW1
  127. Bolt K1
  128. Bouorm IR104
  129. Bozorgmehr K217
  130. Brady OJ219
  131. Brazinova A220
  132. Breitborde NJK221
  133. Brenner H222
  134. Britton G223
  135. Brugha TS224
  136. Butt ZA225
  137. Cahuanahurtado L126
  138. Camposnonato IR126, 163
  139. Campuzano JC126
  140. Car J226, 231
  141. Car M231, 232
  142. Cardenas R233
  143. Carrero JJ92
  144. Carvalho F235
  145. Castanedaorjuela CA239, 240
  146. Castillo Rivas J160, 241
  147. Catalalopez F242, 243
  148. Cercy K1
  149. Chalek J1
  150. Chang HY244, 245
  151. Chang JC246
  152. Chattopadhyay A247
  153. Chaturvedi P248
  154. Chiang PPC249
  155. Chisumpa VH250, 251
  156. Choi JYJ253, 254
  157. Christensen H255
  158. Christopher DJ256
  159. Chung SC156
  160. Ciobanu LG102
  161. Cirillo M257
  162. Colombara D1
  163. Conti S259
  164. Cooper C191, 260
  165. Cornaby L1
  166. Cortesi PA258
  167. Cortinovis M174
  168. Costa Pereira A261
  169. Cousin E262
  170. Criqui MH263
  171. Cromwell EA1
  172. Crowe CS6
  173. Crump JA264
  174. Daba AK20
  175. Dachew BA17, 32
  176. Dadi AF18, 265
  177. Dandona L1, 60
  178. Dandona R1, 60
  179. Dargan PI266
  180. Daryani A269
  181. Daryani M270
  182. Das J210
  183. Das SK271
  184. Das Neves J236, 238
  185. Davis Weaver N1
  186. Davletov K272
  187. De Courten B273, 274
  188. De Leo D275
  189. De Neve JW276
  190. Dellavalle RP277
  191. Demoz G9, 279
  192. Deribe K8, 280
  193. Des Jarlais DC281, 282
  194. Dey S59
  195. Dharmaratne SD283
  196. Dhimal M284
  197. Djalalinia S285
  198. Doku DT287, 288
  199. Dolan K289
  200. Dorsey ER290
  201. Dos Santos KPB291
  202. Doyle KE81, 292
  203. Driscoll TR293
  204. Dubey M247
  205. Dubljanin E296
  206. Duncan BB298, 299
  207. Echko M1
  208. Edessa D14
  209. Edvardsson D132, 300
  210. Ehrlich JR301
  211. Eldrenkamp E1
  212. Elkhatib Z94, 302
  213. Endres M99
  214. Endries AY305
  215. Eshrati B286, 306
  216. Eskandarieh S307
  217. Esteghamati A42
  218. Fakhar M268
  219. Farag T1
  220. Faramarzi M214
  221. Faraon EJA110, 308
  222. Faro A309
  223. Farzadfar F49
  224. Fatusi A33
  225. Fazeli MS310
  226. Feigin VL311
  227. Feigl AB163
  228. Fentahun N312
  229. Fereshtehnejad SM93
  230. Fernandes E234
  231. Fernandes JC314
  232. Fijabi DO315
  233. Filip I316
  234. Fischer F317
  235. Fitzmaurice C1, 2, 318
  236. Flaxman AD1
  237. Flor LS319, 320
  238. Foigt N321
  239. Foreman KJ1, 231
  240. Frostad JJ1
  241. Furst T228, 322, 324
  242. Futran ND6
  243. Gakidou E1
  244. Gallus S174
  245. Gambashidze K325
  246. Gamkrelidze A325
  247. Ganji M42
  248. Gebre AK26
  249. Gebrehiwot TT313
  250. Gebremedhin AT313, 326
  251. Gelaw YA17, 31
  252. Geleijnse JM327
  253. Geremew D18
  254. Gething PW190
  255. Ghadimi R211, 328
  256. Ghasemi Falavarjani K183
  257. Ghasemikasman M214
  258. Gill PS698
  259. Giref AZ9
  260. Giroud M329
  261. Gishu MD14, 330
  262. Giussani G174
  263. Godwin WW1
  264. Goli S331
  265. Gomezdantes H126
  266. Gona PN332
  267. Goodridge A333
  268. Gopalani SV334
  269. Goryakin Y335
  270. Goulart AC194
  271. Grada A336
  272. Griswold M1
  273. Grosso G337, 338
  274. Gugnani HC339
  275. Guo Y32
  276. Gupta R340
  277. Gupta R340
  278. Gupta T342, 343
  279. Gupta T342, 343
  280. Gupta V345
  281. Haagsma JA347
  282. Hachinski V349
  283. Hafezinejad N42
  284. Hailu GB26, 350
  285. Hamadeh RR351
  286. Hamidi S352
  287. Hankey GJ353, 355, 356
  288. Harb HL104
  289. Harewood HC357
  290. Harikrishnan S358
  291. Haro JM360
  292. Hassen HY184
  293. Havmoeller R95
  294. Hawley C1
  295. Hay SI1, 188
  296. He J1
  297. Hearps SJC361
  298. Hegazy MI12
  299. Heibati B177
  300. Heidari M362
  301. Hendrie D363
  302. Henry NJ1
  303. Herrera Ballesteros VH364, 365
  304. Herteliu C366
  305. Hibstu DT19
  306. Hiluf MK368
  307. Hoek HW197, 369
  308. Homaie Rad E371
  309. Horita N372
  310. Hosgood HD343
  311. Hosseini M52
  312. Hosseini SR213
  313. Hostiuc M108
  314. Hostiuc S108
  315. Hoy DG373
  316. Hsairi M374
  317. Htet AS77, 117
  318. Hu G375
  319. Huang JJ186
  320. Iburg KM377
  321. Idris F378, 379
  322. Igumbor EU380, 381
  323. Ikeda C1
  324. Ileanu BV367
  325. Ilesanmi OS382
  326. Innos K383
  327. Irvani SSN384, 387
  328. Irvine CMS1
  329. Islami F388
  330. Jacobs TA389
  331. Jacobsen KH390
  332. Jahanmehr N386
  333. Jain R391
  334. Jain SK392
  335. Jakovljevic MM3, 393
  336. Jalu MT14, 215
  337. Jamal AA82
  338. Javanbakht M394
  339. Jayatilleke AU395, 396
  340. Jeemon P58, 397
  341. Jha RP398
  342. Jha V193, 399
  343. Jozwiak J400
  344. John O399
  345. Johnson SC1
  346. Jonas JB401
  347. Joshua V402
  348. Jurisson M404
  349. Kabir Z405
  350. Kadel R406
  351. Kahsay A26
  352. Kalani R6
  353. Kar C407
  354. Karanikolos M218
  355. Karch A408, 409
  356. Karema CK323, 410
  357. Karimi SM411
  358. Kasaeian A43, 44
  359. Kassa DH134
  360. Kassa GM134
  361. Kassa TD26
  362. Kassebaum NJ1, 412
  363. Katikireddi SV413
  364. Kaul A414
  365. Kawakami N415
  366. Kazanjan K325
  367. Kebede S26
  368. Keiyoro PN416, 417
  369. Kemp GR1
  370. Kengne AP419, 422
  371. Kereselidze M325
  372. Ketema EB26
  373. Khader YS96
  374. Khafaie MA423
  375. Khajavi A387
  376. Khalil IA1
  377. Khan EA424
  378. Khan G425
  379. Khan MN68, 426, 427
  380. Khan MA428
  381. Khanal MN429
  382. Khang YH252, 430
  383. Khater MM12
  384. Khoja ATA122, 431, 432
  385. Khosravi A49, 433
  386. Khubchandani J434
  387. Kibret GD134
  388. Kiirithio DN435, 436
  389. Kim D437
  390. Kim YJ438
  391. Kimokoti RW439
  392. Kinfu Y440
  393. Kinra S219
  394. Kisa A441
  395. Kissoon N443
  396. Kochhar S4, 444
  397. Kokubo Y445
  398. Kopec JA443
  399. Kosen S446
  400. Koul PA447
  401. Koyanagi A359
  402. Kravchenko M448
  403. Krishan K449
  404. Krohn KJ1
  405. Kuate Defo B450, 451
  406. Kumar GA60
  407. Kumar P247
  408. Kutz M1
  409. Kuzin I452
  410. Kyu HH1
  411. Lad DP207
  412. Lafranconi A259
  413. Lal DK60
  414. Lalloo R30
  415. Lam H454
  416. Lan Q455
  417. Lang JJ153, 456
  418. Lansingh VC457, 458
  419. Lansky S459, 460
  420. Larsson A461
  421. Latifi A463
  422. Lazarus JV464, 465
  423. Leasher JL467
  424. Lee PH468
  425. Legesse Y26
  426. Leigh J294
  427. Leshargie CT134
  428. Leta S9
  429. Leung J6, 31
  430. Leung R469
  431. Levi M470
  432. Li Y471
  433. Liang J472
  434. Liben ML368
  435. Lim LL473, 474
  436. Lim SS1
  437. Lind M1
  438. Linn S475
  439. Listl S166, 476
  440. Liu PY1
  441. Liu S477
  442. Lodha R478
  443. Lopez AD145
  444. Lorch SA479
  445. Lorkowski S480, 481
  446. Lotufo PA196
  447. Lucas TCD188, 189
  448. Lunevicius R482, 483
  449. Lurton G1
  450. Lyons RA484
  451. Maalouf F486
  452. Macarayan ERK162
  453. Mackay MT146, 487
  454. Maddison ER1
  455. Madotto F259
  456. Magdy Abd El Razek H488
  457. Magdy Abd El Razek M489
  458. Majdan M490
  459. Majdzadeh R46, 491
  460. Majeed A229
  461. Malekzadeh R41
  462. Malhotra R478
  463. Malta DC492
  464. Mamun AA32
  465. Manguerra H1
  466. Manhertz T1
  467. Mansournia MA39
  468. Mantovani LG259
  469. Manyazewal T493
  470. Mapoma CC250
  471. Margono C1
  472. Martinezraga J494, 495
  473. Martins SCO496, 497
  474. Martinsmelo FR498
  475. Martopullo I1
  476. Marz W499, 500
  477. Massenburg BB5, 303
  478. Mathur MR60, 157
  479. Maulik PK501, 502
  480. Mazidi M503
  481. Mcalinden C504, 505
  482. Mcgrath JJ29, 376, 506
  483. Mckee M219
  484. Mehata S507
  485. Mehrotra R508
  486. Mehta KM509
  487. Mehta V510
  488. Meier T511
  489. Mejiarodriguez F126
  490. Meles KG24, 25
  491. Melku M18
  492. Memiah P513
  493. Memish ZA514, 515
  494. Mendoza W516
  495. Mengiste DA14
  496. Mengistu DT22
  497. Menota BG9
  498. Mensah GA453
  499. Meretoja A143, 518
  500. Meretoja TJ517, 520
  501. Mezgebe HB26
  502. Miazgowski T521
  503. Micha R522
  504. Milam R310
  505. Millear A1
  506. Miller TR363, 524
  507. Mini GK525, 526
  508. Minnig S1
  509. Mirica A367
  510. Mirrakhimov EM527, 528
  511. Misganaw A1
  512. Mitchell PB531
  513. Mlashu FW14
  514. Moazen B50, 533
  515. Mohammad KA534, 535
  516. Mohammadibakhsh R536
  517. Mohammed E26
  518. Mohammed MA216, 294
  519. Mohammed S165, 537
  520. Mokdad AH1
  521. Mola GLD538
  522. Molokhia M201
  523. Momeniha F182
  524. Monasta L539
  525. Montanez Hernandez JC126
  526. Moosazadeh M267
  527. Moradilakeh M178, 179, 180
  528. Moraga P540
  529. Morawska L541
  530. Moreno Velasquez I543
  531. Mori R544
  532. Morrison SD6
  533. Moses M1
  534. Mousavi SM40
  535. Mueller UO546
  536. Murhekar M547
  537. Murthy GVS59, 219
  538. Murthy S443
  539. Musa J548, 549
  540. Musa KI550
  541. Mustafa G551, 552
  542. Muthupandian S22
  543. Nagata C544
  544. Nagel G554
  545. Naghavi M1
  546. Naheed A555
  547. Naik GA68
  548. Naik N478
  549. Najafi F557
  550. Naldi L558
  551. Nangia V559
  552. Nansseu JRN560, 561
  553. Narayan KMV203
  554. Nascimento BR562, 563
  555. Negoi I108, 205
  556. Negoi RI108
  557. Newton CR193, 564
  558. Ngunjiri JW565
  559. Nguyen G1
  560. Nguyen L95
  561. Nguyen TH566
  562. Nichols E1
  563. Ningrum DNA567, 568
  564. Nolte E218
  565. Nong VM566
  566. Norheim OF569
  567. Norrving B62
  568. Noubiap JJN422, 570
  569. Nyandwi A571
  570. Obermeyer CM485
  571. Oforiasenso R273
  572. Ogbo FA572
  573. Oh IH574
  574. Oladimeji O575
  575. Olagunju AT101, 150, 576
  576. Olagunju TO53, 349
  577. Olivares PR577
  578. De Oliveira PPV112
  579. Olsen HE1
  580. Olusanya BO578
  581. Olusanya JO578
  582. Ong K1
  583. Opio JN579
  584. Oren E580
  585. Ortegaaltamirano DV126
  586. Ortiz A581
  587. Ozdemir R582
  588. Pa M583
  589. Pain AW1
  590. Palone MRT196
  591. Pana A367
  592. Pandajonas S532
  593. Pandian JD584
  594. Park EK585
  595. Parsian H214
  596. Patel T586
  597. Pati S60
  598. Patil ST587
  599. Patle A588
  600. Patton GC141, 142
  601. Paturi VR589, 590
  602. Paudel D591
  603. De Moares Pedroso M592
  604. Pedroza SP1
  605. Pereira DM593
  606. Perico N174
  607. Peterson H1
  608. Petzold M594, 595
  609. Peykari N286
  610. Phillips MR203, 596
  611. Piel FB227
  612. Pigott DM1
  613. Pillay JD597
  614. Piradov MA448
  615. Polinder S346
  616. Pond CD598
  617. Postma MJ198, 199
  618. Pourmalek F443
  619. Prakash S599
  620. Prakash V600
  621. Prasad N601
  622. Prasad NM146, 602
  623. Purcell C1
  624. Qorbani M603
  625. Quintana HK604
  626. Radfar A605
  627. Rafay A606, 607
  628. Rafiei A268
  629. Rahimi K193
  630. Rahimimovaghar A45
  631. Rahimimovaghar V51
  632. Rahman M130, 146
  633. Rahman MA608
  634. Rahman SU609
  635. Rai RK610
  636. Raju SB611
  637. Ram U247
  638. Rana SM606, 607
  639. Rankin Z1
  640. Rasella D612
  641. Rawaf DL230, 613, 614
  642. Rawaf S231
  643. Ray SE1
  644. Razogarcia CA126
  645. Reddy P615
  646. Reiner RC1
  647. Reis C616
  648. Reitsma MB1
  649. Remuzzi G174, 617, 618
  650. Renzaho AMN573
  651. Resnikoff S529, 530
  652. Rezaei S556
  653. Rezai MS270
  654. Ribeiro AL562
  655. Rios Blancas MJ126
  656. Rivera JA126
  657. Roever L619
  658. Ronfani L539
  659. Roshandel G41, 620
  660. Rostami A212
  661. Roth GA1
  662. Rothenbacher D553
  663. Roy A478
  664. Roy N94, 621
  665. Ruhago GM622
  666. Sabde YD623
  667. Sachdev PS531, 624
  668. Sadat N1
  669. Safdarian M51
  670. Safiri S462
  671. Sagar R478
  672. Sahebkar A354, 625
  673. Sahraian MA47
  674. Sajadi HS48
  675. Salama J1
  676. Salamati P51
  677. De Freitas Saldanha R626
  678. Salimzadeh H52
  679. Salomon JA163
  680. Samy AM627
  681. Sanabria JR629, 630
  682. Sancheti PK631
  683. Sancheznino MD632
  684. Santomauro D1, 31, 633
  685. Santos IS195
  686. Santric Milicevic MM295, 297
  687. Sarker AR555
  688. Sarrafzadegan N442, 634
  689. Sartorius B418, 635
  690. Satpathy M636
  691. Savic M638
  692. Sawhney M628
  693. Saxena S231
  694. Saylan MI639
  695. Schaeffner E99
  696. Schmidhuber J640
  697. Schmidt MI298
  698. Schneider IJC641
  699. Schumacher AE1
  700. Schutte AE419, 642
  701. Schwebel DC68
  702. Schwendicke F99
  703. Sekerija M643, 644
  704. Sepanlou SG41
  705. Servanmori EE126
  706. Shafieesabet A645
  707. Shaikh MA79
  708. Shakhnazarova M325
  709. Shamsbeyranvand M42
  710. Sharafi H646
  711. Sharifalhoseini M51
  712. Shariful Islam SM399, 647
  713. Sharma M403
  714. Sharma R649
  715. She J650
  716. Sheikh A304, 654
  717. Shfare MT278
  718. Shi P523
  719. Shields C1
  720. Shigematsu M651
  721. Shinohara Y652
  722. Shiri R519
  723. Shirkoohi R38
  724. Shiue I512, 653
  725. Shrime MG304
  726. Shukla SR655, 656
  727. Siabani S557, 657
  728. Sigfusdottir ID658
  729. Silberberg DH659
  730. Silva DAS641
  731. Silva JP237
  732. Silveira DGA660
  733. Singh JA68
  734. Singh L1
  735. Singh NP661
  736. Singh V662
  737. Sinha DN663, 664
  738. Sinke AH665
  739. Sisay M14
  740. Skirbekk V370, 638
  741. Sliwa K421
  742. Smith A1
  743. Soares Filho AM112
  744. Sobaih BHA82, 666
  745. Somai M667
  746. Soneji S668
  747. Soofi M557
  748. Sorensen RJD1
  749. Soriano JB669, 670
  750. Soyiri IN654
  751. Sposato LA348
  752. Sreeramareddy CT671
  753. Srinivasan V1
  754. Stanaway JD1
  755. Stathopoulou V672
  756. Steel N673, 674
  757. Stein DJ420, 675
  758. Stokes MA648
  759. Sturua L325
  760. Sufiyan MB537
  761. Suliankatchi RA676
  762. Sunguya BF622
  763. Sur PJ1
  764. Sykes BL677
  765. Sylaja PN525
  766. Szoeke CEI144
  767. Tabaresseisdedos R242
  768. Tadakamadla SK275
  769. Tadesse AH678
  770. Taffere GR24
  771. Tandon N478
  772. Tariku AT18
  773. Taveira N679, 680
  774. Tehranibanihashemi A178, 179
  775. Temam Shifa G9, 305
  776. Temsah MH82
  777. Terkawi AS681, 682, 683
  778. Tesema AG26
  779. Tesfaye DJ19
  780. Tessema B18
  781. Thakur JS206
  782. Thomas N256
  783. Thompson MJ6
  784. Tillmann T155
  785. To QG542
  786. Tobegai R544
  787. Tonelli M684
  788. Topormadry R685, 686
  789. Topouzis F687
  790. Torre A1
  791. Tortajada M494, 688
  792. Tran BX123, 689
  793. Tran KB690
  794. Tripathi A691
  795. Tripathy SP692
  796. Troeger C1
  797. Truelsen T466
  798. Tsoi D1
  799. Tudor Car L226, 231
  800. Tuem KB26
  801. Tyrovolas S693
  802. Uchendu US694
  803. Ukwaja KN695
  804. Ullah I696, 697
  805. Updike R1
  806. Uthman OA698
  807. Uzochukwu BSC699
  808. Valdez PR700, 701
  809. Van Boven JFM199
  810. Varughese S256
  811. Vasankari T702
  812. Venketasubramanian N703
  813. Violante FS704
  814. Vladimirov SK705
  815. Vlassov VV706
  816. Vollset SE1, 637
  817. Vos T1
  818. Wagnew F134
  819. Waheed Y707
  820. Wallin MT708, 709
  821. Walson JL6, 710
  822. Wang Y711
  823. Wang YP712, 713
  824. Wassie MM18, 714
  825. Weaver MR1
  826. Weiderpass E92, 715, 716, 717
  827. Weintraub RG146, 718, 719
  828. Weiss J659
  829. Weldegwergs KG26
  830. Werdecker A545
  831. West TE6
  832. Westerman R546, 720
  833. White RG219
  834. Whiteford HA1, 31, 633
  835. Widecka J721
  836. Winkler AS722, 723
  837. Wiysonge CS35, 36, 724
  838. Wolfe CDA200, 725
  839. Wondimkun YA14
  840. Workicho A313, 726
  841. Wyper GMA727, 728
  842. Xavier D729
  843. Xu G730
  844. Yan LL731
  845. Yano Y732
  846. Yaseri M52, 385
  847. Yimer NB733
  848. Yin P477
  849. Yip P734
  850. Yirsaw BD9, 735
  851. Yonemoto N736
  852. Yonga G737
  853. Yoon SJ738
  854. Yotebieng M221, 739
  855. Younis MZ740
  856. Yu C741
  857. Zadnik V742
  858. Zaidi Z743
  859. El Sayed Zaki M106
  860. Zaman SB555
  861. Zamani M214
  862. Zenebe ZM26
  863. Zhou M1, 477
  864. Zhu J744
  865. Zimsen SRM1
  866. Zipkin B1
  867. Zodpey S60
  868. Zuhlke LJ745
  869. Murray CJL1
  870. Lozano R1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, 98121, WA, United States
  2. 2. Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  3. 3. Center for Health Trends and Forecasts, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  4. 4. Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  5. 5. Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  6. 6. University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  7. 7. College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  8. 8. School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  9. 9. Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  10. 10. La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
  11. 11. Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  12. 12. Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  13. 13. College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  14. 14. Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  15. 15. College of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  16. 16. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  17. 17. Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  18. 18. University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  19. 19. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  20. 20. Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  21. 21. Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
  22. 22. College of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  23. 23. School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  24. 24. School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  25. 25. College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  26. 26. Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  27. 27. Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  28. 28. Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
  29. 29. Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  30. 30. School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  31. 31. School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  32. 32. University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  33. 33. Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  34. 34. Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  35. 35. Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  36. 36. Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  37. 37. Faculty of Health Sciences, Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
  38. 38. Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  39. 39. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  40. 40. Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  41. 41. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  42. 42. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  43. 43. Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  44. 44. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  45. 45. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  46. 46. Knowledge Utilization Research Center and Community Based Participatory Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  47. 47. MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  48. 48. National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  49. 49. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  50. 50. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  51. 51. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  52. 52. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  53. 53. McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  54. 54. Directorate for Health Information and Research, Pieta, Malta
  55. 55. Malta College of Family Doctors, Gzira, Malta
  56. 56. CSIR, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
  57. 57. Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
  58. 58. Centre for Control of Chronic Conditions, Gurugram, India
  59. 59. Indian Institute of Public Health, Gurugram, India
  60. 60. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  61. 61. Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  62. 62. Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  63. 63. High National School of Veterinary Medicine, Algiers, Algeria
  64. 64. Debere Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  65. 65. University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  66. 66. Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
  67. 67. Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  68. 68. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  69. 69. Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
  70. 70. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  71. 71. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  72. 72. Baghdad College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
  73. 73. Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, United States
  74. 74. Syrian American Medical Society, Washington, DC, United States
  75. 75. Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
  76. 76. School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
  77. 77. International Relations Division, Al Khuwair, Oman
  78. 78. Ministry of Health, Al Khuwair, Oman
  79. 79. Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
  80. 80. Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  81. 81. Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  82. 82. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  83. 83. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  84. 84. University of London, London, United Kingdom
  85. 85. SIR Management Consultants, Oxford, United Kingdom
  86. 86. Institute and Faculty of Actuaries, Oxford, United Kingdom
  87. 87. Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qavin, Iran
  88. 88. Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
  89. 89. International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  90. 90. Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
  91. 91. School of Public Health, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
  92. 92. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  93. 93. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  94. 94. Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  95. 95. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  96. 96. Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
  97. 97. Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
  98. 98. College of Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  99. 99. Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  100. 100. Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
  101. 101. Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  102. 102. School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  103. 103. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  104. 104. Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
  105. 105. Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
  106. 106. Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  107. 107. Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  108. 108. Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  109. 109. University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
  110. 110. College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  111. 111. Department of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  112. 112. Ministry of Health of Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil
  113. 113. Birmingham City, University Department of Public Health and Therapies, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  114. 114. School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
  115. 115. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
  116. 116. Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
  117. 117. University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  118. 118. Department of Medical Emergency, School of Paramedical, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
  119. 119. South Asian Public Health Forum, Islamabad, Pakistan
  120. 120. Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  121. 121. Centre for Clinical Global Health Education, Baltimore, MD, United States
  122. 122. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
  123. 123. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  124. 124. Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth Pune, Pune, India
  125. 125. Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
  126. 126. National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  127. 127. Institut de Recherche Clinique du Benin, Cotonou, Benin
  128. 128. Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche-Action en Sante (LERAS Afrique), Parakou, Benin
  129. 129. Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
  130. 130. Austin Clinical School of Nursing, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  131. 131. Judith Lumley Centre for Mother, Infant and Family Health Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  132. 132. La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  133. 133. Peruvian National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru
  134. 134. Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  135. 135. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatiststics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
  136. 136. Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
  137. 137. University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  138. 138. Institute of Medical Research and Plant Medicinal Studies-Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
  139. 139. University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
  140. 140. Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  141. 141. Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  142. 142. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  143. 143. Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  144. 144. Institute of Health and Ageing, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  145. 145. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  146. 146. University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  147. 147. Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  148. 148. University of Malta, Department of Health Services Management, Islands and Small States Institute, Msida, Malta
  149. 149. Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  150. 150. Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  151. 151. Invasive Fungi Research Center, Sari, Iran
  152. 152. Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc, CWZ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
  153. 153. Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
  154. 154. Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  155. 155. Institute of Epidemiology and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  156. 156. Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  157. 157. University College London, London, United Kingdom
  158. 158. Public Health Perspective Nepal, Pokhara, Nepal
  159. 159. Hospital Dr Rafael A Calderon Guardia, CCSS, San Jose, Costa Rica
  160. 160. Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
  161. 161. School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  162. 162. Ariadne Labs, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  163. 163. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  164. 164. Africa Health Research Institute, Mtubatuba, South Africa
  165. 165. Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg, Germany
  166. 166. Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  167. 167. Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
  168. 168. Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  169. 169. ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
  170. 170. Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
  171. 171. College of Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  172. 172. David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  173. 173. College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  174. 174. IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
  175. 175. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Khorramabad, Iran
  176. 176. Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
  177. 177. Air Pollution Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  178. 178. Department of Community Medicine, Tehran, Iran
  179. 179. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  180. 180. Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  181. 181. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  182. 182. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran, Iran
  183. 183. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  184. 184. Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Aman, Ethiopia
  185. 185. Dr Tewelde Legesse Health Sciences College, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  186. 186. Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
  187. 187. University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
  188. 188. Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford, United Kingdom
  189. 189. Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
  190. 190. Department of Zoology, Oxford, United Kingdom
  191. 191. NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
  192. 192. Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
  193. 193. University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  194. 194. Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research Center, Hospital Universitario, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  195. 195. Internal Medicine Department, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  196. 196. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  197. 197. Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  198. 198. University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  199. 199. University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  200. 200. Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  201. 201. King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  202. 202. Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States
  203. 203. Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
  204. 204. Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
  205. 205. Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  206. 206. School of Public Health, Chandigarh, India
  207. 207. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
  208. 208. Medtronic Philanthropy, Minneapolis, MN, United States
  209. 209. Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  210. 210. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  211. 211. Health Research Institute, Babol, Iran
  212. 212. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Babol, Iran
  213. 213. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol, Iran
  214. 214. Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  215. 215. St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  216. 216. Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
  217. 217. University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, Heidelberg, Germany
  218. 218. European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, London, United Kingdom
  219. 219. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  220. 220. Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
  221. 221. Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
  222. 222. German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
  223. 223. INDICASAT AIP, Panama, Panama
  224. 224. University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
  225. 225. Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  226. 226. LKCMedicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
  227. 227. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, London, United Kingdom
  228. 228. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London, United Kingdom
  229. 229. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, London, United Kingdom
  230. 230. WHO Collaborating Centre, London, United Kingdom
  231. 231. Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  232. 232. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
  233. 233. Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
  234. 234. Department of Chemical Sciences, Porto, Portugal
  235. 235. Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto, Portugal
  236. 236. INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomedica, Porto, Portugal
  237. 237. UCIBIO at REQUIMTE, Toxicology Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto, Portugal
  238. 238. i3S-Instituto de Investigacao e Inovacao em Saude, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  239. 239. Colombian National Health Observatory, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota, Colombia
  240. 240. Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, Public Health Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
  241. 241. Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San Jose, Costa Rica
  242. 242. Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
  243. 243. Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  244. 244. National Health Research Institutes, Zgunan Town, Taiwan
  245. 245. National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
  246. 246. School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
  247. 247. International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
  248. 248. Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
  249. 249. Clinical Governance Unit, Gold Coast Health, Southport, QLD, Australia
  250. 250. University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
  251. 251. University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  252. 252. College of Health Sciences, Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul, South Korea
  253. 253. Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
  254. 254. Seoul National University Medical Library, Seoul, South Korea
  255. 255. Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
  256. 256. Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
  257. 257. University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
  258. 258. Research Centre on Public Health, Monza, Italy
  259. 259. University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
  260. 260. MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
  261. 261. Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  262. 262. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  263. 263. University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
  264. 264. Centre for International Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
  265. 265. Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  266. 266. Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
  267. 267. Health Science Research Center, Addiction Institute, Sari, Iran
  268. 268. Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Sari, Iran
  269. 269. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Sari, Iran
  270. 270. Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  271. 271. K G Medical University, Lucknow, India
  272. 272. School of Public Health, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  273. 273. Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  274. 274. Monash Medical Center, Clayton, VIC, Australia
  275. 275. Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  276. 276. Heidelberg Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg, Germany
  277. 277. University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States
  278. 278. College of Health Sciences and Referral Hospital, Aksum, Ethiopia
  279. 279. Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
  280. 280. Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
  281. 281. Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, United States
  282. 282. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
  283. 283. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  284. 284. Nepal Health Research Council, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
  285. 285. Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran
  286. 286. Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  287. 287. University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
  288. 288. University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
  289. 289. UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  290. 290. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
  291. 291. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
  292. 292. RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
  293. 293. Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  294. 294. University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  295. 295. Centre School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  296. 296. Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  297. 297. Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  298. 298. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  299. 299. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  300. 300. Umea University, Umea, Sweden
  301. 301. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  302. 302. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Kigali, Rwanda
  303. 303. Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Kigali, Rwanda
  304. 304. Harvard Medical School, Kigali, Rwanda
  305. 305. Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  306. 306. Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  307. 307. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  308. 308. Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
  309. 309. Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
  310. 310. Doctor Evidence, Santa Monica, CA, United States
  311. 311. National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
  312. 312. Institute Health, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma, Ethiopia
  313. 313. Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  314. 314. CBQF-Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry-Associate Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal
  315. 315. Heller Graduate School, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
  316. 316. Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, United States
  317. 317. School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
  318. 318. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
  319. 319. Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  320. 320. Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
  321. 321. Institute of Gerontology, Academy of Medical Science, Kyiv, Ukraine
  322. 322. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Basel, Switzerland
  323. 323. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
  324. 324. University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
  325. 325. National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
  326. 326. Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
  327. 327. Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
  328. 328. Department of Nutrition, Babol, Iran
  329. 329. University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
  330. 330. Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Harar, Ethiopia
  331. 331. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
  332. 332. University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
  333. 333. Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas y Servicios de Alta Tecnologia-INDICASAT-AIP, Ciudad del Saber, Panama
  334. 334. Department of Health and Social Affairs, Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Palikir, Federated States of Micronesia
  335. 335. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
  336. 336. Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
  337. 337. University Hospital Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
  338. 338. NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  339. 339. Departments of Microbiology and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Saint James School of Medicine, The Quarter, Anguilla
  340. 340. West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston, WV, United States
  341. 341. Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, India
  342. 342. Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
  343. 343. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
  344. 344. Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
  345. 345. Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
  346. 346. Department of Public Health, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  347. 347. Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  348. 348. Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
  349. 349. Western University, London, ON, Canada
  350. 350. Kilte Awlaelo Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  351. 351. Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  352. 352. Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  353. 353. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Perth, WA, Australia
  354. 354. University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
  355. 355. Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
  356. 356. Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
  357. 357. Eunice Gibson Polyclinic, Bridgetown, Barbados
  358. 358. Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
  359. 359. Research and Development Unit, Barcelona, Spain
  360. 360. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu-CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
  361. 361. Child Neuropsychology, Murdoch Childrens Research Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
  362. 362. Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
  363. 363. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  364. 364. Gorgas Memorial Institute for Studies of Health, Panama, Panama
  365. 365. University of Panama, Panama, Panama
  366. 366. Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest, Romania
  367. 367. Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  368. 368. Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
  369. 369. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
  370. 370. Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
  371. 371. Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  372. 372. Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
  373. 373. Public Health Division, Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia
  374. 374. Department of Epidemiology, Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
  375. 375. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
  376. 376. National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus, Denmark
  377. 377. Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  378. 378. Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia
  379. 379. Social Security Administering Body for Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
  380. 380. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa
  381. 381. School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
  382. 382. National Public Health Institute, Monrovia, Liberia
  383. 383. National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
  384. 384. Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  385. 385. Ophthalmic Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  386. 386. School of Public Health, Tehran, Iran
  387. 387. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  388. 388. Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States
  389. 389. MCH Division, USAID - Global Health Bureau, HIDN, Washington, DC, United States
  390. 390. Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
  391. 391. Jain Hospital MSS, Kanpur, India
  392. 392. National Centre For Disease Control Delhi, Delhi, India
  393. 393. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
  394. 394. University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
  395. 395. Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  396. 396. Institute of Violence and Injury Prevention, Colombo, Western, Sri Lanka
  397. 397. Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
  398. 398. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
  399. 399. George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
  400. 400. Institute of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
  401. 401. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
  402. 402. National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
  403. 403. Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
  404. 404. Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
  405. 405. University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
  406. 406. London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
  407. 407. SCB Medical College, Cuttack, India
  408. 408. Epidemiological and Statistical Methods Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
  409. 409. Hannover-Braunschweig Site, German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
  410. 410. Quality and Equity Health Care, Kigali, Rwanda
  411. 411. University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, United States
  412. 412. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
  413. 413. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  414. 414. Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, United States
  415. 415. School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  416. 416. Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya
  417. 417. School of Continuing and Distance Education, Nairobi, Kenya
  418. 418. UKZN Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
  419. 419. South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
  420. 420. Department of Psychiatry, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
  421. 421. Faculty of Health Sciences, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
  422. 422. University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
  423. 423. Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  424. 424. Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
  425. 425. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  426. 426. University of Newcastle, Australia, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
  427. 427. Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
  428. 428. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
  429. 429. Department of Health Services, Health Management Information System, Kathmandu, Nepal
  430. 430. Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
  431. 431. Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Mohammed Ibn Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  432. 432. Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Mohammed Ibn Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  433. 433. Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  434. 434. Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States
  435. 435. Kenya Revenue Authority, Nairobi, Kenya
  436. 436. Synotech Consultants, Nairobi, Kenya
  437. 437. Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
  438. 438. School of Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia Campus, Sepang, Malaysia
  439. 439. Simmons College, Boston, MA, United States
  440. 440. Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  441. 441. Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
  442. 442. School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  443. 443. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  444. 444. Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India
  445. 445. Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
  446. 446. Center for Community Empowerment, Health Policy and Humanities, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jakarta, Indonesia
  447. 447. Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
  448. 448. Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation
  449. 449. Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
  450. 450. Department of Demography, Public Health Research Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  451. 451. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  452. 452. State Institution Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
  453. 453. Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
  454. 454. Institute of Health Policy and Development Studies, National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
  455. 455. National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
  456. 456. Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  457. 457. Help Me See, Inc., New York, NY, United States
  458. 458. Instituo Mexicano de Oftalmologia, Queretaro, Mexico
  459. 459. School of Medicine Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  460. 460. Secretaria Municipal de Saude, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  461. 461. Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  462. 462. Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh, Iran
  463. 463. Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  464. 464. ISGlobal, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  465. 465. CHIP, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  466. 466. Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  467. 467. College of Optometry, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
  468. 468. Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  469. 469. State University of New York, Albany, Rensselaer, NY, United States
  470. 470. Tuscany Regional Centre for Occupational Injuries and Diseases, Florence, Italy
  471. 471. San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
  472. 472. National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
  473. 473. University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  474. 474. Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
  475. 475. University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
  476. 476. Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
  477. 477. National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
  478. 478. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
  479. 479. Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  480. 480. Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
  481. 481. Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
  482. 482. Aintree University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  483. 483. School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  484. 484. Farr Institute, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
  485. 485. Center for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
  486. 486. Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  487. 487. Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  488. 488. Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
  489. 489. Aswan University Hospital, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt
  490. 490. Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia
  491. 491. National Institute of Health Research, Tehran, Iran
  492. 492. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  493. 493. Ethiopian Public Health Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  494. 494. Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
  495. 495. CEU Cardinal Herrera University, Moncada, Spain
  496. 496. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  497. 497. Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  498. 498. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceara, Caucaia, Brazil
  499. 499. Synlab Academy, Mannheim, Germany
  500. 500. Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
  501. 501. George Institute for Global Health India, New Delhi, India
  502. 502. George Institute for Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
  503. 503. Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
  504. 504. University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
  505. 505. Public Health Wales, Swansea, United Kingdom
  506. 506. Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia
  507. 507. Ipas Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
  508. 508. National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
  509. 509. University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
  510. 510. MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India
  511. 511. Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Saale, Germany
  512. 512. Institut fur Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Saale, Germany
  513. 513. University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, United States
  514. 514. Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  515. 515. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  516. 516. United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru
  517. 517. Comprehensive Cancer Center, Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  518. 518. Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  519. 519. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Work Organizations, Work Disability Program, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
  520. 520. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  521. 521. Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
  522. 522. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, United States
  523. 523. Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
  524. 524. Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD, United States
  525. 525. Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Thiruvananthapuram, India
  526. 526. Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India
  527. 527. Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  528. 528. National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  529. 529. Brien Holden Vision Institute, Kensington, NSW, Australia
  530. 530. School of Optometry and Vision Science, Kensington, NSW, Australia
  531. 531. University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
  532. 532. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
  533. 533. Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
  534. 534. Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
  535. 535. Ishik University, Erbil, Iraq
  536. 536. Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
  537. 537. Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  538. 538. Reproductive Health and ObGyn School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Boroko, Papua New Guinea
  539. 539. Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
  540. 540. Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
  541. 541. International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  542. 542. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  543. 543. Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
  544. 544. National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan
  545. 545. Competence Center Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Wiesbaden, Germany
  546. 546. Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
  547. 547. ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
  548. 548. University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
  549. 549. Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
  550. 550. School of Medical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
  551. 551. Helping Hands Foundation, Multan, Pakistan
  552. 552. Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
  553. 553. Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm, Germany
  554. 554. Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
  555. 555. International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
  556. 556. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah, Iran
  557. 557. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  558. 558. Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
  559. 559. Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India
  560. 560. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
  561. 561. Department for the Control of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
  562. 562. Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  563. 563. Hospital Universitario Ciencias Medicas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  564. 564. KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya
  565. 565. University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  566. 566. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  567. 567. Department of Public Health, Semarang State University, Semarang City, Indonesia
  568. 568. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
  569. 569. University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  570. 570. Medical Diagnostic Centre, Yaounde, Cameroon
  571. 571. Rwanda Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda
  572. 572. Centre for Health Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  573. 573. Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  574. 574. Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
  575. 575. Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa and University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  576. 576. Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
  577. 577. Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
  578. 578. Center for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
  579. 579. Lira District Local Government, Lira Municipal Council, Uganda
  580. 580. Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
  581. 581. IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
  582. 582. Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
  583. 583. JSS Medical College, JSS University, Mysore, India
  584. 584. Christian Medical College Ludhiana, Ludhiana, India
  585. 585. Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
  586. 586. White Plains Hospital, White Plains, NY, United States
  587. 587. Krishan Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, School of Dental Sciences, Karad, India
  588. 588. National Health System Resource Center, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
  589. 589. Clinical Research, Diabetes Research Society, Hyderabad, India
  590. 590. DiabetOmics, Portland, OR, United States
  591. 591. UK Department for International Development, Lalitpur, Nepal
  592. 592. Instituto de Comunicacao e Informacao Cientifica e Tecnologica em Saude da Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  593. 593. REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
  594. 594. Health Metrics Unit, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  595. 595. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  596. 596. Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
  597. 597. Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
  598. 598. University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
  599. 599. Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
  600. 600. Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, India
  601. 601. Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
  602. 602. Fred Hollows Foundation, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  603. 603. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  604. 604. Commemorative Gorgas Institute for Health Studies, Panama, Panama
  605. 605. A T Still University, Kirksville, MO, United States
  606. 606. Contech International Health Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan
  607. 607. Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan
  608. 608. Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  609. 609. Sweidi Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  610. 610. Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, India
  611. 611. Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
  612. 612. Instituto Goncalo Muniz, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
  613. 613. North Hampshire Hospitals, Basingstroke, United Kingdom
  614. 614. University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
  615. 615. Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
  616. 616. Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
  617. 617. Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale, Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
  618. 618. Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  619. 619. Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
  620. 620. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  621. 621. BARC Hospital, HBNI University, Mumbai, India
  622. 622. Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
  623. 623. National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
  624. 624. Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
  625. 625. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  626. 626. Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  627. 627. Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  628. 628. Department of Public Health, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
  629. 629. J Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
  630. 630. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  631. 631. Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, India
  632. 632. IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
  633. 633. Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  634. 634. Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran
  635. 635. Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  636. 636. Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
  637. 637. Center for Disease Burden, Oslo, Norway
  638. 638. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
  639. 639. Bayer Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
  640. 640. Global Perspective Studies Unit, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
  641. 641. Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
  642. 642. Hypertension in Africa Research Team, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
  643. 643. Croatian National Cancer Registry, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
  644. 644. School of Public Health Dr Andrija A Tampar, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
  645. 645. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
  646. 646. Middle East Liver Disease Center, Tehran, Iran
  647. 647. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Burwood, VIC, Australia
  648. 648. Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
  649. 649. University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
  650. 650. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
  651. 651. National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
  652. 652. Tachikawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
  653. 653. Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  654. 654. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  655. 655. Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
  656. 656. Diabetes Unit, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
  657. 657. University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  658. 658. Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
  659. 659. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  660. 660. Brasilia University, Brasilia, Brazil
  661. 661. Max Hospital, Ghaziabad, India
  662. 662. Asthma Bhawan, Jaipur, India
  663. 663. School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India
  664. 664. WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, National Institute of Cancer Prevention, Noida, India
  665. 665. Ethiopian Medical Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  666. 666. King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  667. 667. Tunisian Center for Public Health, Les Berges du Lac, Tunisia
  668. 668. Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
  669. 669. Instituto de Investigacion Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP), Madrid, Spain
  670. 670. Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
  671. 671. Department of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  672. 672. Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
  673. 673. University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
  674. 674. Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
  675. 675. South African Medical Research Council Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
  676. 676. Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  677. 677. Departments of Criminology, Law and Society, Sociology, and Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
  678. 678. Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Teferi, Ethiopia
  679. 679. Instituto Superior de Ciencias da Saude Egas Moniz, Almada, Portugal
  680. 680. Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
  681. 681. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
  682. 682. Department of Anesthesiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  683. 683. Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  684. 684. University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
  685. 685. Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
  686. 686. Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
  687. 687. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
  688. 688. School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
  689. 689. Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  690. 690. Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  691. 691. University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
  692. 692. National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
  693. 693. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Fundacio Sant Joan de Deu, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
  694. 694. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
  695. 695. Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  696. 696. Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
  697. 697. Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant TB Unit, TB Culture Laboratory, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
  698. 698. Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  699. 699. University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
  700. 700. Sociedad Argentina de Medicina, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
  701. 701. Hospital Velez Sarsfield, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
  702. 702. UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
  703. 703. Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
  704. 704. University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  705. 705. Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  706. 706. National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  707. 707. Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  708. 708. VA Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
  709. 709. Neurology Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
  710. 710. Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
  711. 711. Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
  712. 712. First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
  713. 713. University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  714. 714. University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  715. 715. Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
  716. 716. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromso, Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
  717. 717. Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
  718. 718. Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  719. 719. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  720. 720. German National Cohort Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
  721. 721. VitroLive Sp z o.o., Szczecin, Poland
  722. 722. Center for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
  723. 723. Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  724. 724. South African Medical Research Council, Cochrane South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
  725. 725. National Institute for Health Research Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  726. 726. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
  727. 727. NHS National Services Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  728. 728. University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  729. 729. St John's Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India
  730. 730. Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
  731. 731. Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
  732. 732. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
  733. 733. Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
  734. 734. Social Work and Social Administration Department, Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  735. 735. University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
  736. 736. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
  737. 737. NCD Research to Policy Unit, Aga Khan University, East Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
  738. 738. Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
  739. 739. School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo
  740. 740. Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
  741. 741. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  742. 742. Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  743. 743. University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria
  744. 744. National Office of MCH Surveillance of China, Chengdu, China
  745. 745. Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa

Source: The Lancet Published:2018


Abstract

Background A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. Findings In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97·1 (95% UI 95·8-98·1) in Iceland, followed by 96·6 (94·9-97·9) in Norway and 96·1 (94·5-97·3) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18·6 (13·1-24·4) in the Central African Republic, 19·0 (14·3-23·7) in Somalia, and 23·4 (20·2-26·8) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91·5 (89·1-93·6) in Beijing to 48·0 (43·4-53·2) in Tibet (a 43·5-point difference), while India saw a 30·8-point disparity, from 64·8 (59·6-68·8) in Goa to 34·0 (30·3-38·1) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4·8-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20·9-point to 17·0-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17·2-point to 20·4-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle- SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage hinges upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view - and subsequent provision - of quality health care for all populations. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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