Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Does Metabolic Syndrome Increase the Risk of Fracture? a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Publisher Pubmed



Babagoli M1 ; Soleimani M1 ; Baghdadi S2 ; Vatan MS1 ; Shafiei SH1
Authors
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Orthopedic Surgery Research Centre, Sina University Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States

Source: Archives of Osteoporosis Published:2022


Abstract

Summary: Metabolic syndrome is of increasing concern globally. The aspects of this disease and its interaction with other morbidities should be discussed in detail. By investigating the effects of metabolic syndrome on the bone fracture rate, we have shown a protective role for metabolic syndrome in the male population. Purpose: There is controversy on the effects of metabolic syndrome on bone health and fracture risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis reappraises the literature on the subject and quantitatively evaluates the fracture risk in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for all relevant articles. Studies were selected if they included the rate of any type of fracture in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Non-English studies, review articles, case reports, and editorials were excluded. The titles and abstracts were screened to identify relevant studies and the data was extracted from these. The data were analyzed to determine the estimated effect at a 95% confidence interval. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger’s test, and funnel plots were drawn. The heterogeneity of the results was determined according to I2 statistics. Results: Of the 3141 articles from the initial search, 20 studies were selected for review and included 13 cross-sectional and seven cohort studies. A meta-analysis of all studies showed no association between metabolic syndrome and fractures across the entire population (HR = 0.954; p = 0.410). However, separate analysis of the cohort studies showed a decreased risk over the entire population (HR = 0.793; p = 0.000) and in males (HR = 0.671; p = 0.000), but not in females (HR = 1.029; p = 0.743). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the current literature suggests that metabolic syndrome is a protective factor for bone fractures in males but has no net effect on fractures among females. © 2022, International Osteoporosis Foundation and Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation.
Related Docs
View other Related Docs
1. Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on Bone Health in Older Adults: The Bushehr Elderly Health (Beh) Program, Osteoporosis International (2020)
2. The Clinical Value of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components With Respect to Sudden Cardiac Death Using Different Definitions: Two Decades of Follow-Up From the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, Cardiovascular Diabetology (2022)
3. Lipid Profile and Risk of Bone Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies, Endocrine Research (2019)
4. Role of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet in Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Evidence From Observational and Interventional Studies, International Journal of Preventive Medicine (2021)
5. Exploring Metabolically Healthy Obesity: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Cardiovascular Risk in the Iranian Population Based on the Steps 2021, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2023)
6. Abdominal Obesity and Risk of Hip Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies, Advances in Nutrition (2017)
7. The Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Clinical Endocrinology (2018)
8. Flaxseed Supplementation in Metabolic Syndrome Management: A Pilot Randomized, Open-Labeled, Controlled Study, Phytotherapy Research (2016)
Experts (# of related papers)
View all Related Experts
Hossein Poustchi (11)
Sakineh Shab-Bidar (11)
Other Related Docs
9. Interaction Between a Variant of Chromosome 9P21.3 Locus and Diet Antioxidant Capacity on Metabolic Syndrome in Tehrani Adults, Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome (2018)
10. A Nationwide Study of Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence in Iran; a Comparative Analysis of Six Definitions, PLoS ONE (2021)
11. The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Different Obesity Phenotype in Iranian Male Military Personnel, American Journal of Men's Health (2017)
12. Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Endometrial Cancer; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Immunopathologia Persa (2025)
13. Examination of the Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Iranian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Case–Control Study, Diabetes# Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity (2020)
14. The Accuracy of Triglyceride-Glucose (Tyg) Index for the Screening of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Nutrition# Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases (2022)
15. Effect of Diabetes on Bmd and Tbs Values As Determinants of Bone Health in the Elderly: Bushehr Elderly Health Program, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2019)
16. The Effect of Smoking on Latent Hazard Classes of Metabolic Syndrome Using Latent Class Causal Analysis Method in the Iranian Population, BMC Public Health (2023)
17. Sodium Status and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition (2019)
18. The Association Between Consumption of Red and Processed Meats With Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Obese and Overweight Women: A Cross-Sectional Study, BMC Women's Health (2024)
19. Investigation of the Interaction Between Genetic Risk Score (Grs) and Fatty Acid Quality Indices on Metabolic Syndrome Among Overweight and Obese Women, BMC Medical Genomics (2024)
20. The Effects of Smoking on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Using Causal Methods in the Iranian Population, International Journal of Preventive Medicine (2021)
21. Assessment of Lean Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Middle Income Country; Prevalence and Its Association With Metabolic Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study, Archives of Iranian Medicine (2017)
22. Longitudinal Association Between Body Mass Index and Physical Activity Among Adolescents With Different Parental Risk: A Parallel Latent Growth Curve Modeling Approach, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (2020)
23. Effects of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control and Serum Lipoproteins in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome and Related Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials, Lipids in Health and Disease (2020)
24. Association of Different Obesity Indices With Nephrolithiasis in Community-Dwelling Older Adults, Obesity Research and Clinical Practice (2024)
25. Maternal Characteristics and Incidence of Overweight/Obesity in Children: A 13-Year Follow-Up Study in an Eastern Mediterranean Population, Maternal and Child Health Journal (2017)
26. The Higher Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Factors Is Associated With a Decreased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Iranian Adults, Nutrition Bulletin (2022)
27. Association of Nightly Fasting Duration, Meal Timing and Frequency With the Metabolic Syndrome Among Iranian Adults, British Journal of Nutrition (2023)
28. Joint Association of Meal Frequency and Diet Quality With Metabolic Syndrome in Iranian Adults, BMC Nutrition (2022)
29. Sumac Fruit Supplementation Improve Glycemic Parameters in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Phytomedicine (2021)
30. Prediction of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes by First-Trimester Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Longitudinal Study, Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics (2023)
31. Variations in Serum Free Thyroxine Concentration Within the Reference Range Predicts the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Non-Obese Adults: A Cohort Study, Thyroid (2017)
32. Early Postpartum Glucose Intolerance, Metabolic Syndrome and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Determinants After Assisted Conception: A Prospective Cohort Study, International Journal of Fertility and Sterility (2022)
33. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in the Iranian Adult Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal (2015)
34. Relationships Between the Intake of Milk Fat Percentage and Cardio-Metabolic Indices in Adult Men: Results From a Cross-Sectional Study, Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology (2024)
35. Sex-Specific Incidence Rates and Risk Factors for Fracture: A 16-Year Follow-Up From the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, Bone (2021)
36. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association With Metabolic Syndrome Among the Elderly Population of Birjand, Iran, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2022)
37. Distribution of Body Mass Index in Children With Different Parental Risk: Findings of a Family-Based Cohort Study in a West-Asian Population, Scientific Reports (2019)
38. Abdominal Obesity Phenotypes and Incident Diabetes Over 12 Years of Follow-Up: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (2018)
39. Incidence of Thyroid Dysfunction Facing Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Comparative Study With 9 Years of Follow-Up, European Thyroid Journal (2021)
40. Assessment of Genetic Aspects of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver and Premature Cardiovascular Events, Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases (2020)
41. Optimal Cut-Points of Different Anthropometric Indices and Their Joint Effect in Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Cohort Study, BMC Public Health (2018)
42. The Interaction Between Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Mc4r Gene and Homa-Ir in Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Overweight and Obese Women, Nutrition and Metabolic Insights (2022)
43. The Joint Association of Serum Vitamin D Status and Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Tehranian Adults, British Journal of Nutrition (2022)
44. Higher Dietary Insulin Load and Index Are Not Associated With the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity in Iranian Adults, International Journal of Clinical Practice (2021)
45. Metabolic Syndrome and Lifestyle-Associated Factors in the Ethnically Diverse Population of Khuzestan, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study, Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (2021)
46. The Effect of Green Coffee Extract Supplementation on Serum Oxidized Ldl Cholesterol and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients With Dyslipidemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial, European Journal of Integrative Medicine (2019)
47. Anthocyanins in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome: A Pharmacological and Biopharmaceutical Review, Frontiers in Pharmacology (2018)
48. Evaluation of Plasma Mmp-8, Mmp-9 and Timp-1 Identifies Candidate Cardiometabolic Risk Marker in Metabolic Syndrome: Results From Double-Blinded Nested Case-Control Study, Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental (2015)
49. The Possible Mediatory Role of Inflammatory Markers on the Association of Dietary Insulin Index and Insulin Load With Metabolic Syndrome in Women With Overweight and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study, International Journal of Clinical Practice (2023)
50. Effects of a Healthy Lifestyle Education on the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Children During a 13-Year Follow-Up, International Journal of Behavioral Medicine (2018)