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Exploring Metabolically Healthy Obesity: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Cardiovascular Risk in the Iranian Population Based on the Steps 2021 Publisher



Langroudi AP1 ; Farzi Y1 ; Masinaei M1, 2 ; Varniab ZS1 ; Shahin S1, 3 ; Rashidi MM1 ; Moghaddam SS1, 4 ; Rahimi S1 ; Khalili M1 ; Keykhaei M1, 5 ; Ahmadi N1 ; Kazemi A1 ; Ghasemi E1 ; Azadnajafabad S1 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Langroudi AP1
  2. Farzi Y1
  3. Masinaei M1, 2
  4. Varniab ZS1
  5. Shahin S1, 3
  6. Rashidi MM1
  7. Moghaddam SS1, 4
  8. Rahimi S1
  9. Khalili M1
  10. Keykhaei M1, 5
  11. Ahmadi N1
  12. Kazemi A1
  13. Ghasemi E1
  14. Azadnajafabad S1
  15. Yoosefi M1, 6
  16. Fattahi N1, 7
  17. Nasserinejad M1, 8
  18. Rezaei N1
  19. Haghshenas R1
  20. Dilmaghanimarand A1
  21. Abdolhamidi E1
  22. Djalalinia S9
  23. Rezaei N1
  24. Larijani B10
  25. Farzadfar F1, 10
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
  4. 4. Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany
  5. 5. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
  6. 6. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
  7. 7. Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
  8. 8. Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
  9. 9. Development of Research and Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Published:2023


Abstract

Background: Regarding the rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity throughout the globe, it remains a serious public health concern. A subgroup of obesity that does not meet metabolic syndrome criteria is called metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). However, whether the MHO phenotype increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MHO and its 10-year CVD risk in Iranian populations. Methods: Based on the STEPS 2021 project in Iran, we collected data on 18119 Iranians 25 years and older from all 31 provinces after applying many statistical factors. Using the Framingham score, we evaluated the 10-year cardiovascular risk associated with the various MHO definition criteria for Iranian populations. Results: The prevalence of MHO was 6.42% (5.93—6.91) at the national level according to the AHA-NHLBI definition, and 23.29% of obese women and 24.55% of obese men were classified as MHOs. Moreover, the MHO group was younger than the metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) group based on all definitions (p < 0.001). The odds ratio of MUO individuals being classified as high-risk individuals by the Framingham criteria for CVD was significantly higher than that of MHO individuals by all definitions, with a crude odds ratio of 3.55:1 based on AHA-NHLBI definition. Conclusion: This study reveals a significant prevalence of MHO in the Iranian population, with approximately 25% of obese individuals classified as MHO. While MHO is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease compared to MUO, MHO carries the potential for transitioning to an unhealthy state. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
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