Impact of Omega-3 Supplementation on Serum Leptin Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Publisher



Jazinaki MS^{1, 2} ; Bahari H³ ; Aali Y⁴ ; Rashidmayvan M⁵ Show Affiliations
Source: PharmaNutrition Published:2024

Abstract

Background: Omega-3 fatty acids have gained attention for their potential impact on appetite regulation and energy balance. Research suggests that omega-3 supplementation may influence leptin production and sensitivity, potentially affecting body weight and metabolic health. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of omega-3 supplementation on serum leptin levels. Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted up to March 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find suitable randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The selected trials were subjected to heterogeneity tests using the I² statistic. Random effects models were examined based on the heterogeneity tests, and the pooled data were calculated as weighted mean differences (WMD) with a 95 % confidence interval (CI). Results: Of the 357 papers, 25 eligible RCTs (with 29 treatment arms) were included in the present meta-analysis. Our findings indicated that omega-3 supplementation failed to change serum leptin levels significantly (WMD: −0.38 ng/mL; 95 %CI: −1.96–1.19; P =0.63). However, significant heterogeneity was detected among the included studies (I2 = 85.6 %, P < 0.001). Conclusions: This meta-analysis revealed that omega-3 supplementation had no significant impact on circulating leptin levels. However, it seems that omega-3 supplementation with a dosage of more than 2 g/day may significantly reduce serum leptin levels. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.