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Nanocarriers in Glioblastoma Treatment: A Neuroimmunological Perspective Publisher



Firuzpour F5, 6 ; Saleki K2, 4, 5, 6 ; Aram C7 ; Rezaei N1, 2, 3, 4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran
  2. 2. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416634793, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416634793, Iran
  4. 4. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, 1416634793, Iran
  5. 5. USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 47176-41367, Iran
  6. 6. Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 47176-41367, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 15719-14911, Iran

Source: Reviews in the Neurosciences Published:2024


Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most fatal brain tumor with a poor prognosis with current treatments, mainly because of intrinsic resistance processes. GBM is also referred to as grade 4 astrocytoma, that makes up about 15.4 % of brain cancers globally as well as 60–75 % of astrocytoma. The most prevalent therapeutic choices for GBM comprise surgery in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, providing patients with an average survival of 6–14 months. Nanocarriers provide various benefits such as enhanced drug solubility, biocompatibility, targeted activity, as well as minimized side effects. In addition, GBM treatment comes with several challenges such as the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), blood–brain tumor barrier (BBTB), overexpressed efflux pumps, infiltration, invasion, drug resistance, as well as immune escape due to tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancer stem cells (CSC). Recent research has focused on nanocarriers due to their ability to self-assemble, improve bioavailability, provide controlled release, and penetrate the BBB. These nano-based components could potentially enhance drug accumulation in brain tumor tissues and reduce systemic toxicity, making them a compelling solution for GBM therapy. This review captures the complexities associated with multi-functional nano drug delivery systems (NDDS) in crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and targeting cancer cells. In addition, it presents a succinct overview of various types of targeted multi-functional nano drug delivery system (NDDS) which has exhibited promising value for improving drug delivery to the brain. © Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.
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