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Possibilities in Germ Cell Research: An Engineering Insight Publisher Pubmed



Esfandiari F1, 2 ; Mashinchian O3, 4 ; Ashtiani MK1 ; Ghanian MH1 ; Hayashi K5 ; Saei AA6 ; Mahmoudi M7, 8, 9 ; Baharvand H1, 2
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology in Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Nestle Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Campus, Lausanne, Switzerland
  4. 4. Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
  5. 5. Department of Developmental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
  6. 6. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
  7. 7. Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
  9. 9. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States

Source: Trends in Biotechnology Published:2015


Abstract

Germ cells (GCs) are responsible for fertility and disruptions in their development or function cause infertility. However, current knowledge about the diverse mechanisms involved in GC development and function is still in its infancy. This is mainly because there are low numbers of GCs, especially during embryonic development. A deeper understanding of GCs would enhance our ability to produce them from stem cells. In addition, such information would enable the production of healthy gametes for infertile couples. In this regard, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) demonstrated a promising ability to produce GCs in vitro. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the field of tissue engineering that suggest novel strategies to enhance GC research. Advanced therapies for infertility require developing systems for the efficient production of germ cells from stem cells in the laboratory.We discuss recent advances and challenges of germ cell research.Here, we propose engineering approaches for designing an artificial niche for germ cell development in vitro.Novel platforms are demonstrated for the epigenetic analysis of germ cells.Innovative approaches are detailed for the efficient production of germ cells from pluripotent stem cells. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
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