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Therapeutic Effects of Olfactory Training and Systemic Vitamin a in Patients With Covid-19-Related Olfactory Dysfunction: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Publisher Pubmed



Taheri A1, 2 ; Naderi M1 ; Jonaidi Jafari N3 ; Emadi Koochak H4 ; Saberi Esfeedvajani M5 ; Abolghasemi R1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. New Hearing Technologies Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Military Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Published:2024


Abstract

Objectives: The new corona virus infection, has a wide range of clinical manifestations. Fever and cough are the most common symptoms. The olfactory function may be also affected with COVID-19. In this randomized clinical trial, we wanted to evaluate the therapeutic effect of olfactory training with and without oral vitamin A for COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction. Methods: Patients answered to the standard Persian version of anosmia reporting tool and performed the quick smell test before and after 12 weeks and at the end of the 12 months follow up. The patients were randomly allocated to three groups; Group A treatment with olfactory training, Group B treatment with oral vitamin A and olfactory training, and Group C as control group which only underwent nasal irrigation twice a day. Patients were treated for 3 months and followed up for 12 months. Results: Totally 90 patients were included in three groups. After interventions, 76.9% of patients in Group A, 86.7% of patients in Group B, and 26.7% of patients in Group C completely improved. The average intervention time was statistically significant in relationship with the final olfactory status of the patients in the 12 months follow-up. The olfactory training has significantly improved the smell alteration at the end of 3- and 12- months follow-up in A and B groups. Conclusion: A three-months olfactory training is effective for improvement of COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction. Adding daily oral vitamin A to olfactory training did not lead to better results in improving olfactory dysfunction. Level of evidence: Step 2 (Level 2*): Randomized trial. © 2024 Associacao Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervico-Facial
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