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Coincidence of Covid-19 Epidemic and Olfactory Dysfunction Outbreak in Iran Publisher



Bagheri SH1 ; Asghari A2 ; Farhadi M1 ; Shamshiri AR3 ; Kabir A4 ; Kamrava SK1 ; Jalessi M2 ; Mohebbi A1 ; Alizadeh R1 ; Honarmand AA5 ; Ghalehbaghi B1 ; Salimi A6 ; Firouzabadi FD1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Iran Medical Council, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran Published:2020


Abstract

Background: The occurrence of anosmia/hyposmia during novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may indicate a relationship between coincidence of olfactory dysfunction and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to assess the frequency of self-reported anosmia/hyposmia during COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. Methods: This population-based cross sectional study was performed through an online questionnaire from March 12 to 17, 2020. Cases from all provinces of Iran voluntarily participated in this study. Patients completed a 33-item patient-reported online questionnaire, including smell and taste dysfunction and their comorbidities, along with their basic characteristics and past medical histories. The inclusion criteria were self-reported anosmia/hyposmia during the past 4 weeks, from the start of COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. Results: A total of 10 069 participants aged 32.5±8.6 (7-78) years took part in this study, of them 71.13% women and 81.68% nonsmokers completed the online questionnaire. The correlation between the number of olfactory disorders and reported COVID-19 patients in all provinces up to March 17, 2020 was highly significant (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.87, P< 0.001). A sudden onset of olfactory dysfunction was reported in 76.24% of the participations and persistent anosmia in 60.90% from the start of COVID-19 epidemic. In addition, 80.38% of participants reported concomitant olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions. Conclusion: An outbreak of olfactory dysfunction occurred in Iran during the COVID-19 epidemic. The exact mechanisms by which anosmia/hyposmia occurred in patients with COVID-19 call for further investigations. © Iran University of Medical Sciences.
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