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Toll-Like Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease Publisher Pubmed



Momtazmanesh S1, 2 ; Perry G3 ; Rezaei N4, 5, 6
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Neuroimmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Biology and Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX, United States
  4. 4. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology Published:2020


Abstract

Neuroinflammation and microglial dysfunction are key contributors to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins primarily involved in immune responses and expressed by several immune and non-immune cells within the central nervous system. Signaling of TLRs affects the core of AD changes, including synaptic plasticity, microglial activity, tau phosphorylation, and inflammatory responses. We reviewed the activity, expression, potential applications, and genetic polymorphisms of TLRs in AD. Activation of TLRs has shown both destructive and protective effects. Several genetic polymorphisms of TLRs have been also recognized as protective or risk factors for AD. We concluded that TLRs are one of the major components of AD pathogenesis, particularly in the early stages of the disease, which can provide novel therapeutic options. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
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