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3D Printed Phb-Dextran-Whitlockite Porous Construct Coated With Sildenafil-Loaded Nanofibers: A Hybrid Scaffold for Craniofacial Reconstruction Publisher Pubmed



Nazar LA1 ; Alsalman SS2 ; Torki SH3 ; Almusawi MH4 ; Najafinezhad A5 ; Noory P6 ; Rajab ES7 ; Khosravi N8 ; Talebi S9 ; Azamian F10 ; Valizadeh H11 ; Sharifianjazi F12, 13 ; Tavamaishvili K14 ; Mohabbatkhah M15 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Nazar LA1
  2. Alsalman SS2
  3. Torki SH3
  4. Almusawi MH4
  5. Najafinezhad A5
  6. Noory P6
  7. Rajab ES7
  8. Khosravi N8
  9. Talebi S9
  10. Azamian F10
  11. Valizadeh H11
  12. Sharifianjazi F12, 13
  13. Tavamaishvili K14
  14. Mohabbatkhah M15
  15. Shahriarikhalaji M16
  16. Nasiriharchegani S5
  17. Mehrjoo M17
  18. Tavakoli M18
  19. Mirhaj M18
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
  2. 2. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
  3. 3. Department of Plant Biotechnology College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
  4. 4. Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
  5. 5. Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Al_Karkh University for Science, Baghdad, Iraq
  8. 8. School of Science and Health, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
  9. 9. Department of Orthopaedics, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, International Campus-Kish, Kish, 794117-76655, Iran
  11. 11. Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  12. 12. Center for Advanced Materials and Structures, School of Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, 0171, Georgia
  13. 13. Department of Civil Engineering, School of Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, 0171, Georgia
  14. 14. Georgian American University, School of Medicine, 10 Merab Aleksidze Str., Tbilisi, 0160, Georgia
  15. 15. Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
  16. 16. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, 08028, NJ, United States
  17. 17. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  18. 18. Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran

Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules Published:2025


Abstract

In this study, a novel hybrid scaffold comprising 3D-printed porous polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), dextran (Dex), and magnesium-doped whitlockite (WL) nanoparticles was developed, which were further enhanced with an electrospun nanofibrous coating composed of Dex and Pluronic F127 (F127) loaded with Sildenafil (Sil) for use in craniofacial regeneration. This design was intended to improve the solubility of sildenafil and enable controlled release. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a well-integrated structure between the 3D-printed strands and electrospun nanofibers. The scaffold exhibited sustained release of Sil over 28 days, with mechanical testing showing a compressive strength of 3.70 ± 0.33 MPa and an elastic modulus of 49.04 ± 4.62 MPa. Non-toxicity was confirmed via MTT assay on the MG63 cell line, and qRT-PCR results indicated significantly higher expression levels of collagen I, RUNX2, osteocalcin, VEGF, and CD31 markers associated with osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Following implantation in a rat calvarial defect model, the scaffold demonstrated robust osteogenic activity and new bone tissue formation over an eight-week period. This innovative scaffold design offers a promising solution for overcoming the challenges in craniofacial defect repair by integrating bioactive materials with advanced drug delivery systems, leading to more effective tissue regeneration strategies. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
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