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Neurotransmission Systems in Parkinson's Disease Publisher Pubmed



Moghaddam HS1, 4, 5 ; Zareshahabadi A1, 4, 6 ; Rahmani F1, 7 ; Rezaei N1, 2, 3
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419783151, Iran
  3. 3. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, United States
  4. 4. NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, 1419783151, Iran
  5. 5. Student Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

Source: Reviews in the Neurosciences Published:2017


Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is histologically characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein particles, known as Lewy bodies. The second most common neurodegenerative disorder, PD is widely known because of the typical motor manifestations of active tremor, rigidity, and postural instability, while several prodromal non-motor symptoms including REM sleep behavior disorders, depression, autonomic disturbances, and cognitive decline are being more extensively recognized. Motor symptoms most commonly arise from synucleinopathy of nigrostriatal pathway. Glutamatergic, γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, cholinergic, serotoninergic, and endocannabinoid neurotransmission systems are not spared from the global cerebral neurodegenerative assault. Wide intrabasal and extrabasal of the basal ganglia provide enough justification to evaluate network circuits disturbance of these neurotransmission systems in PD. In this comprehensive review, English literature in PubMed, Science direct, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were perused. Characteristics of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic systems, disturbance of these neurotransmitter systems in the pathophysiology of PD, and their treatment applications are discussed. © 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston 2017.
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