Covid-19 Vaccinations: The Unknowns, Challenges, and Hopes

Covid-19 Vaccinations: The Unknowns, Challenges, and Hopes Publisher Pubmed

Mohamed K^{1, 2} ; Rzymski P^{3, 4} ; Islam MS^{5, 6} ; Makuku R^{1, 7} ; Mushtaq A^{8, 9} ; Khan A^{10, 11} ; Ivanovska M^{12, 13} ; Makka SA^{14, 15} ; Hashem F^{1, 2} ; Marquez L^{16, 17} ; Cseprekal O^{18, 19} ; Filgueiras IS^{20, 21} ; Fonseca DLM^{21, 22} ; Mickael E^{23, 24} Show All Authors

Mohamed K^{1, 2}
Rzymski P^{3, 4}
Islam MS^{5, 6}
Makuku R^{1, 7}
Mushtaq A^{8, 9}
Khan A^{10, 11}
Ivanovska M^{12, 13}
Makka SA^{14, 15}
Hashem F^{1, 2}
Marquez L^{16, 17}
Cseprekal O^{18, 19}
Filgueiras IS^{20, 21}
Fonseca DLM^{21, 22}
Mickael E^{23, 24}
Ling I^{25, 26}
Arero AG^{1, 27}
Cuschieri S^{28, 29}
Minakova K^{30, 31}
Rodriguezroman E^{32, 33}
Abarikwu SO^{34, 35}
Faten AB^{36, 37}
Grancini G^{38, 39}
Cabralmarques O^{20, 21, 22}
Rezaei N^{1, 40, 41}

Show Affiliations

1. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Manama, Bahrain
3. Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
4. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Poznan, Poland
5. Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
6. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Dhaka, Bangladesh
7. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Harare, Zimbabwe
8. International Higher School of Medicine, International University of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
9. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
10. Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
11. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Islamabad, Pakistan
12. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Research Center, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
13. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Plovdiv, Bulgaria
14. Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
15. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Beirut, Lebanon
16. College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
17. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Quezon City, Philippines
18. Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
19. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Budapest, Hungary
20. Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
21. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
22. Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
23. Department of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine, Erasme Hospital, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
24. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Yaounde, Cameroon
25. School of Science, Monash University Malasia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
26. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Selangor, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
27. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
28. Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
29. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Valletta, Malta
30. National Technical University Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute, Kharkiv, Ukraine
31. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kyiv, Ukraine
32. Center for Microbiology and Cell Biology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela
33. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Caracas, Venezuela
34. Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
35. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Choba, Nigeria
36. Tunisia Polytechnic School, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
37. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tunis, Tunisia
38. Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
39. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Pavia, Italy
40. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
41. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Medical Virology Published:2022

Abstract

The entire world has been suffering from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since March 11, 2020. More than a year later, the COVID-19 vaccination brought hope to control this viral pandemic. Here, we review the unknowns of the COVID-19 vaccination, such as its longevity, asymptomatic spread, long-term side effects, and its efficacy on immunocompromised patients. In addition, we discuss challenges associated with the COVID-19 vaccination, such as the global access and distribution of vaccine doses, adherence to hygiene guidelines after vaccination, the emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, and vaccine resistance. Despite all these challenges and the fact that the end of the COVID-19 pandemic is still unclear, vaccines have brought great hope for the world, with several reports indicating a significant decline in the risk of COVID19-related infection and hospitalizations. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Mohamed K, et al.. "Covid-19 Vaccinations: The Unknowns, Challenges, and Hopes." Journal of Medical Virology, vol. 94, no. 4, 2022, pp. 1336-1349.
APA	Mohamed K, Rzymski P, Islam MS, Makuku R, Mushtaq A, Khan A, Ivanovska M, Makka SA, Hashem F, Marquez L, Cseprekal O, Filgueiras IS, Fonseca DLM, Mickael E, Ling I, Arero AG, Cuschieri S, Minakova K, Rodriguezroman E, ... Rezaei N (2022). Covid-19 Vaccinations: The Unknowns, Challenges, and Hopes. Journal of Medical Virology, 94(4), 1336-1349.
Chicago	Mohamed K, Rzymski P, Islam MS, Makuku R, Mushtaq A, Khan A, Ivanovska M, et al.. "Covid-19 Vaccinations: The Unknowns, Challenges, and Hopes." Journal of Medical Virology 94, no. 4 (2022): 1336-1349.
Harvard	Mohamed K et al. (2022) 'Covid-19 Vaccinations: The Unknowns, Challenges, and Hopes', Journal of Medical Virology, 94(4), pp. 1336-1349.
Vancouver	Mohamed K, Rzymski P, Islam MS, Makuku R, Mushtaq A, Khan A, et al.. Covid-19 Vaccinations: The Unknowns, Challenges, and Hopes. Journal of Medical Virology. 2022;94(4):1336-1349.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Mohamed K and Rzymski P and Islam MS and Makuku R and Mushtaq A and Khan A and Ivanovska M and Makka SA and Hashem F and Marquez L and Cseprekal O and Filgueiras IS and Fonseca DLM and Mickael E and Ling I and Arero AG and Cuschieri S and Minakova K and Rodriguezroman E and Abarikwu SO and Faten AB and Grancini G and Cabralmarques O and Rezaei N}, title = {Covid-19 Vaccinations: The Unknowns, Challenges, and Hopes}, journal = {Journal of Medical Virology}, volume = {94}, number = {4}, pages = {1336-1349}, year = {2022} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Mohamed K AU - Rzymski P AU - Islam MS AU - Makuku R AU - Mushtaq A AU - Khan A AU - Ivanovska M AU - Makka SA AU - Hashem F AU - Marquez L AU - Cseprekal O AU - Filgueiras IS AU - Fonseca DLM AU - Mickael E AU - Ling I AU - Arero AG AU - Cuschieri S AU - Minakova K AU - Rodriguezroman E AU - Abarikwu SO AU - Faten AB AU - Grancini G AU - Cabralmarques O AU - Rezaei N TI - Covid-19 Vaccinations: The Unknowns, Challenges, and Hopes JO - Journal of Medical Virology VL - 94 IS - 4 SP - 1336 EP - 1349 PY - 2022 ER -

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