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Efficacy of Synthesized Cubic Spirulina Platensis Photosensitizer in Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy: An in Vitro Study Publisher Pubmed



Saberi S1 ; Modiridelshad T2 ; Etemadmoghadam S3 ; Alaeddini M3 ; Jamshidloo R4 ; Ramazani A2 ; Mohammadpour H3 ; Hanna R5, 6, 7 ; Khoobi M8, 9 ; Shahabi S1, 10
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran
  3. 3. Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Management, Hidaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hidaj, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, Genoa, 16132, Italy
  6. 6. Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rockefeller Building, London, WC1E 6DE, United Kingdom
  7. 7. Department of Oral Surgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
  8. 8. Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Biomaterials Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Published:2023


Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an option in select cancer management. Photosensitizers derived from natural sources can offer additional health benefits and play a crucial role in enhancing the efficacy of PDT in cancer treatment. We herein synthesized a cubic form of spirulina platensis (SP) and compared its anticancer-PDT efficacy with the naturally-occurring microhelical SP (MSP) and phycocyanin (Pc) against a tongue cancer cell-line and fibroblast cells. Cubic SP (CSP) was synthesized and characterized using standard analyses. CAL-27 and HGF cell-lines were incubated at different concentrations with each photosensitizer and were irradiated with 635 nm diode-laser. The viability, cellular-uptake, apoptosis and oxidative stress potential were quantitatively analyzed and statistically compared at P<0.05. Our results demonstrated that all three photosensitizers were non-toxic to normal cells before laser irradiation. In CAL-27, viability significantly decreased after PDT in all photosensitizer groups (P<0.05). Whereas, in HGF, Pc exhibited phototoxicity after laser irradiation (P=0.032). Cell-death was mainly apoptotic in Pc and CSP, but necrotic in MSP. Cellular-uptake was significantly higher in Pc, but was similar in MSP and CSP. Increase in reactive oxygen species was significantly higher in the Pc group compared to both SPs (P<0.05). We concluded that both SPs were safe and efficient photosensitizers for anticancer-PDT. CSP exhibited predominant and significant apoptotic death in CAL-27 and HGF cell-lines, while MSP mainly induced necrotic cell death. Despite the good photosensitizing performance of Pc, its use in higher concentrations should be considered with caution, due to the reduced viability that occurred following its use in PDT. © 2023
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