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Photodynamic Therapy: A Novel Approach for Head and Neck Cancer Treatment With Focusing on Oral Cavity Publisher



Kazemi KS1 ; Kazemi P2 ; Mivehchi H3 ; Nasiri K4 ; Eshagh Hoseini SS5 ; Nejati ST6 ; Pour Bahrami P7 ; Golestani S8 ; Nabi Afjadi M9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Faculty of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
  3. 3. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
  4. 4. Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Faculty of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
  6. 6. School of Dentistry, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
  7. 7. Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Source: Biological Procedures Online Published:2024


Abstract

Oral cancers, specifically oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), pose a significant global health challenge, with high incidence and mortality rates. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have limited effectiveness and can result in adverse reactions. However, as an alternative, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising option for treating oral cancers. PDT involves using photosensitizing agents in conjunction with specific light to target and destroy cancer cells selectively. The photosensitizers accumulate in the cancer cells and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon exposure to the activating light, leading to cellular damage and ultimately cell death. PDT offers several advantages, including its non-invasive nature, absence of known long-term side effects when administered correctly, and cost-effectiveness. It can be employed as a primary treatment for early-stage oral cancers or in combination with other therapies for more advanced cases. Nonetheless, it is important to note that PDT is most effective for superficial or localized cancers and may not be suitable for larger or deeply infiltrating tumors. Light sensitivity and temporary side effects may occur but can be managed with appropriate care. Ongoing research endeavors aim to expand the applications of PDT and develop novel photosensitizers to further enhance its efficacy in oral cancer treatment. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PDT in treating oral cancers by analyzing a combination of preclinical and clinical studies. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s) 2024.
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