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Photoinactivation of Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm: In Vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Photoexcited Rutin-Gallium(Iii) Complex Via Visible Blue Light Publisher Pubmed



Pourhajibagher M1 ; Ghafari HA2 ; Bahrami R3 ; Bahador A4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Dental Sciences Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Endodontics Published:2024


Abstract

Introduction: Endodontic infection is a common problem that can result in tooth loss if not effectively treated. This study focused on investigating the use of rutin-gallium (Ga)(III) complex–mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for the photoinactivation of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Methods: The minimum biofilm eradication concentration of the rutin-Ga(III) complex and the minimum biofilm eradication dose of light-emitting diode against E. faecalis were evaluated. The antimicrobial effect of rutin-Ga(III) complex–mediated aPDT against E. faecalis was assessed. Additionally, the expression of genes associated with E. faecalis virulence, such as ace, gelE, and esp, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species within the cells were evaluated. Results: The minimum biofilm eradication concentration of the rutin-Ga(III) complex was determined to be 25 μmol/L, whereas the minimum biofilm eradication dose of light-emitting diode irradiation was defined as 5 minutes with an energy density of 300–420 J/cm2. Rutin-Ga(III) complex–mediated aPDT demonstrated a significant dose-dependent reduction in the growth of E. faecalis biofilms. Moreover, aPDT led to increased intracellular reactive oxygen species generation in treated E. faecalis cells. Furthermore, the messenger RNA levels of ace, gelE, and esp genes were significantly down-regulated in E. faecalis treated with rutin-Ga(III) complex–mediated aPDT (P < .05). Conclusions: Rutin-Ga(III) complex–mediated aPDT effectively reduces E. faecalis biofilm growth by disrupting biofilm structure and down-regulating virulence genes. These findings highlight the potential of aPDT with the rutin-Ga(III) complex as an adjuvant therapeutic approach against E. faecalis biofilms. © 2024 American Association of Endodontists
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