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The Association Between Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load and Total Carbohydrate Intake and Risk of Premature Coronary Artery Disease: Iran Premature Coronary Artery Disease Study (Ipad) - a Case-Control Study Publisher Pubmed



Nurizadeh F1 ; Mohamadifard N2 ; Nouri F2 ; Dehghani F3 ; Zarepur E2 ; Sarrafzadegan N2 ; Kafeshani M1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases Published:2024


Abstract

Background and aims: The association between glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), total carbohydrate intake, and risk of cardiovascular diseases has been controversial. Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is characterized by the age of onset lower than 55 and 65 respectively in men and women. The aim of the current study is to investigate the relationship between GI, GL and carbohydrate levels and the risk of PCAD in Iran. Methods and results: In total, 419 healthy people and 553 patients struggling with PCAD have participated in this case-control study. Dietary GI and GL were calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire at the baseline. Crude and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between GI, GL, and total carbohydrate intake and risk of PCAD. The mean age of participants was 51.13 ± 6.90 and 46 % of them were women. A significant direct relationship was observed between higher carbohydrate intake (OR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.27–2.38) and GL levels (OR: 1.56, 95 % CI:1.14–2.14) and risk of PCAD. These associations were not significant after adjusting for potential variables. No significant association has been observed between GI and odds of PCAD even after controlling for all covariates. Conclusion: We found no significant association between GI, GL, and total carbohydrate intake and risk of premature coronary heart disease. Further observational and clinical trials are required to assess this relationship. © 2023 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University
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