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The Immune Cells Profiles of Individuals With Sulfur Mustard-Induced Serious Long-Term Respiratory Complications Publisher Pubmed



Ghazanfari T1, 2 ; Rezaei A3 ; Rezaei R4 ; Kariminia A5 ; Naghizadeh MM6 ; Soroush M7 ; Shams J8, 9 ; Faghihzadeh S10, 11 ; Hassan ZM12
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Immunology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  6. 6. Non Communicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
  7. 7. Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center (JMERC), Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Hematology-Oncology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Shahed University, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Oncology and Hematology, Shahed University, Tehran, 3319118651, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Biostatistics and Social Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  11. 11. Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, 4515613191, Iran
  12. 12. Department of Immunology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Source: International Immunopharmacology Published:2025


Abstract

Sulfur mustard (SM) induced pulmonary disorder is a heterogeneous disease characterized by uncontrolled inflammatory immune responses. In this cross-sectional study carried out in Isfahan-Iran, our objective was to thoroughly evaluate the clinical health and peripheral blood leukocyte profiles of adult veterans exposed to SM 25–30 years. In total, 361 people were studied in two groups, 287 chemical veterans with pulmonary complications and 64 healthy individuals as a control group. The participants underwent a comprehensive lung evaluation, including physical examination, Pulmonary Assessment, and Spirometry Assessment. Blood samples were collected in EDTA-treated tubes and flow cytometry analysis was employed to study different population of leukocytes including lymphocytes, monocytes, and natural killer cells. In our results, SM-exposed patients showed a significant increase in mean WBC and lymphocyte absolute count. However, the frequency of CD14+ monocytes and CD3+ CD4+ CD25+Hi as regulatory T cell subsets significantly decreased in SM-exposed patients. In addition, there was a negative correlation between CD45+ CD14+ cells and residual volume (RV). The population of NK cells showed a negative correlation with forced expiratory volume in the first one second to the forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). On the other hand, the percentage of CD19+ B cells positively correlated with Mid-maximum expiratory flow (MMEF) rate, ppm Reading, Carboxyhemoglobin (CoHb), and FEV1, and it was negatively correlated with airway resistance (RAW). Evaluation of CD3+ CD8+ cytotoxic T cells frequency negatively correlated with CoHb, ppm Reading, total lung capacity (TLC), and RV. Furthermore, the count of CD3+ CD4+ T cells demonstrated a negative correlation with TLC. The percentage of CD3+ CD4+ CD25+ cells was positively correlated with ppm reading and CoHb. Overall, our findings revealed modifications in total lymphocyte dynamics and a decrease in the percentage and absolute number of regulatory T cells, compromising the regulatory arm of the immune system to modulate SM-induced inflammatory damages. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
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