The Association Between Soft Drinks Consumption and Risk of Mental Disorders Among Iranian Adults: The Lipokap Study Publisher Pubmed

Summary: Soft drinks linked to higher depression risk in Iranian adults, study finds, especially in men. #MentalHealth #Nutrition

Bahrami G¹ ; Mohammadifard N³ ; Haghighatdoost F² ; Emamjomeh A⁴ ; Najafi F⁵ ; Farshidi H⁶ ; Lotfizadeh M⁷ ; Kazemi T⁸ ; Shafiei S⁴ ; Roohafza H⁹ ; Sabri M¹⁰ ; Sarrafzadegan N^{2, 11}
Source: Journal of Affective Disorders Published:2024

Abstract

Objective: With rising demand for soft drinks (SDs) in low-income countries, studies examining mental disorders in relation to SDs are rather scarce. Therefore, we aimed to explore this association in a sample of Iranian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out within the framework of the multi-centric LIPOKAP project, with 1970 Iranian healthy adults. Dietary intake and symptoms of depression and anxiety were collected using validated, Persian versions of a food frequency questionnaire and a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), respectively. Artificial juices were considered fruit-flavored carbonated sugar beverages, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) included fruit-flavored carbonated sugar beverages and carbonated colas, and soft drinks included SSB and drinks containing non-nutritive sweeteners. Results: The mean age of the participants was 39.8 ± 13.9 years. Compared to lower intake, higher intake of SDs (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.69; P = 0.041), SSBs (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI: 1.00, 1.67; P = 0.045) and artificial juice (OR = 1.63, 95 % CI: 1.24, 2.13; P < 0.001) was associated with higher risk of depression in adjusted model. These associations were sex-specific and more evident in males. No significant association was found between any of the drinks and anxiety risk except for artificial juice in men which was directly associated with anxiety risk (OR = 1.66, 95 % CI: 1.06, 2.61; P = 0.028). Conclusion: This study found a positive association between SDs, SSBs and artificial juice and depression, but not anxiety. These associations varied between men and women. Prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm our results and reveal the causal relationship. © 2024