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The Association Between Soft Drinks Consumption and Risk of Mental Disorders Among Iranian Adults: The Lipokap Study Publisher Pubmed



Bahrami G1 ; Mohammadifard N3 ; Haghighatdoost F2 ; Emamjomeh A4 ; Najafi F5 ; Farshidi H6 ; Lotfizadeh M7 ; Kazemi T8 ; Shafiei S4 ; Roohafza H9 ; Sabri M10 ; Sarrafzadegan N2, 11
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Interventional Cardiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  4. 4. Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Research Center for Environmental determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  6. 6. Hormozgan Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran
  7. 7. School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  8. 8. Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  9. 9. Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  10. 10. Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  11. 11. Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

Source: Journal of Affective Disorders Published:2024


Abstract

Objective: With rising demand for soft drinks (SDs) in low-income countries, studies examining mental disorders in relation to SDs are rather scarce. Therefore, we aimed to explore this association in a sample of Iranian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out within the framework of the multi-centric LIPOKAP project, with 1970 Iranian healthy adults. Dietary intake and symptoms of depression and anxiety were collected using validated, Persian versions of a food frequency questionnaire and a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), respectively. Artificial juices were considered fruit-flavored carbonated sugar beverages, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) included fruit-flavored carbonated sugar beverages and carbonated colas, and soft drinks included SSB and drinks containing non-nutritive sweeteners. Results: The mean age of the participants was 39.8 ± 13.9 years. Compared to lower intake, higher intake of SDs (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.69; P = 0.041), SSBs (OR = 1.30, 95 % CI: 1.00, 1.67; P = 0.045) and artificial juice (OR = 1.63, 95 % CI: 1.24, 2.13; P < 0.001) was associated with higher risk of depression in adjusted model. These associations were sex-specific and more evident in males. No significant association was found between any of the drinks and anxiety risk except for artificial juice in men which was directly associated with anxiety risk (OR = 1.66, 95 % CI: 1.06, 2.61; P = 0.028). Conclusion: This study found a positive association between SDs, SSBs and artificial juice and depression, but not anxiety. These associations varied between men and women. Prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm our results and reveal the causal relationship. © 2024
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