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Polyurethane-Nanolignin Composite Foam Coated With Propolis As a Platform for Wound Dressing: Synthesis and Characterization Publisher



Pahlevanneshan Z1 ; Deypour M2 ; Kefayat A3 ; Rafienia M4 ; Sajkiewicz P5 ; Neisiany RE6 ; Enayati M5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
  2. 2. Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
  3. 3. Cancer Prevention Research Center, Department of Oncology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
  4. 4. Biosensor Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
  5. 5. Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5B, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
  6. 6. Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, 96179-76487, Iran

Source: Polymers Published:2021


Abstract

This piece of research explores porous nanocomposite polyurethane (PU) foam synthesis, containing nanolignin (NL), coated with natural antimicrobial propolis for wound dressing. PU foam was synthesized using polyethylene glycol, glycerol, NL, and 1, 6-diisocyanato-hexane (NCO/OH ratio: 1.2) and water as blowing agent. The resultant foam was immersed in ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP). PU, NL-PU, and PU-NL/EEP foams were characterized from mechanical, morphological, and chemical perspectives. NL Incorporation into PU increased mechanical strength, while EEP coating showed lower strength than PU-NL/EEP. Morphological investigations confirmed an open-celled structure with a pore diameter of 150–200 μm, a density of nearly 0.2 g/cm3,, and porosity greater than 85%, which led to significantly high water absorption (267% for PU-NL/EEP). The hydrophilic nature of foams, measured by the contact angle, proved to be increased by NL addition and EEP coating. PU and PU-NL did not show important antibacterial features, while EEP coating resulted in a significant antibacterial efficiency. All foams revealed high biocompatibility toward L929 fibroblasts, with the highest cell viability and cell attachment for PU- NL/EEP. In vivo wound healing using Wistar rats’ full-thickness skin wound model confirmed that PU-NL/EEP exhibited an essentially higher wound healing efficacy compared with other foams. Hence, PU-NL/EEP foam could be a promising wound dressing candidate. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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