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Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks Related to Nitrate Exposure in Drinking Water in Iran Publisher



Darvishmotevalli M1 ; Moradnia M2 ; Noorisepehr M3 ; Fatehizadeh A1 ; Fadaei S4 ; Mohammadi H5 ; Salari M6 ; Jamali HA7 ; Daniali SS8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Public Health School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
  4. 4. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat jam, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  7. 7. Social Determinants on Health Promotion Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  8. 8. Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: MethodsX Published:2019


Abstract

Nitrate is one of the most important contaminants that can release into the environment predominantly as a result of anthropogenic processes. Excessive intake of nitrates may increase the risk of certain types of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of nitrate in drinking water and its health to people in Iran. This cross-sectional study has performed in 2019. Nitrate concentrations in drinking water supplies were obtained from peer-reviewed publications. Monte Carlo stimulations and mathematical models were used to determine the excess cancer risk. Risk level for assessing the carcinogen risk was 10−5 (1 per 100,000 persons). Nitrate concentrations and cancer risk related to nitrate were classified by GIS software. According to the obtained results, the drinking water supplies of Tehran, Mashhad (Khorasan Razavi), Zahedan (Sistan and Baluchestan), Shiraz (Fars), Qom, Ardabil and Ahwaz (Khuzestan) have higher nitrate concentrations than the limit recommended by WHO and Institute of Standards and industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI). The estimated cancer risks for the provinces of Tehran, Mashhad (Khorasan Razavi), Zahedan (Sistan and Baluchestan), Shiraz (Fars), Qom, Ardabil and Ahwaz (Khuzestan) were in the no negligible range set by the Health Canada and WHO. The majority of Iran provinces that have impermissible level of nitrate in drinking water supplies had a significant association between cancer prevalence and nitrate exposure. • The findings demonstrated that carcinogen risk values of nitrate exposure through drinking water was 0.001%. • Results showed that Tehran, Mashhad (Khorasan Razavi), Zahedan (Sistan and Baluchestan), Shiraz (Fars), Qom, Ardabil and Ahwaz (Khuzestan) are more exposed to additional cancer risk related to nitrosamine. • The results of this study is considered as the comprehensive report that indicate the association between gastrointestinal cancer and nitrate exposure through drinking water. © 2019 The Author(s)
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