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Dietary Riboflavin Intake in Relation to Psychological Disorders in Iranian Adults: An Observational Study Publisher Pubmed



Rouhani P1, 2 ; Amoushahi M3, 4 ; Keshteli AH5, 6 ; Saneei P2 ; Afshar H7 ; Esmaillzadeh A8, 9, 10 ; Adibi P6
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Nutrition, Varastegan Institute for Medical Science, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  4. 4. Nutritional Health Team (NHT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
  6. 6. Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  7. 7. Psychosomatic Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  8. 8. Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Scientific Reports Published:2023


Abstract

Findings of earlier investigations on association between dietary riboflavin intake and psychological disorders are contradictory. Therefore, the relation between dietary riboflavin intake and depression, anxiety, and psychological distress was assessed in Iranian adults. In this cross-sectional study, dietary intakes of 3362 middle-aged adults were collected using a validated dish-based food frequency questionnaire. Daily intake of riboflavin for each participant was calculated by summing up the amount of riboflavin contents of all foods and dishes. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), as validated questionnaires among Iranians, have been applied to assess depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. After considering potential confounders, adults in the top energy-adjusted quartile of riboflavin intake, compared to the bottom quartile, had decreased odds of depression (OR = 0.66; 95%CI 0.49, 0.88), anxiety (OR = 0.64; 95%CI 0.44, 0.94) and high psychological distress (OR = 0.65; 95%CI 0.48, 0.89). Stratified analysis by sex revealed that men in the forth quartile of riboflavin intake, compared with those in the first quartile, had respectively 51 and 55% lower odds of depression (OR = 0.49; 95%CI 0.29, 0.83) and anxiety (OR = 0.45; 95%CI 0.21, 0.95). In women, riboflavin intake was significantly associated with lower odds of psychological distress (OR = 0.67; 95%CI 0.46, 0.98). An inverse relation was observed between dietary riboflavin intake and chance of psychological disorders in Iranian adults. High intake of riboflavin decreased the chance of depression and anxiety in men and high psychological distress in women. More prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings. © 2023, The Author(s).
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