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Dietary Magnesium Intake in Relation to Depression in Adults: A Grade-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies Publisher Pubmed

Summary: Higher magnesium intake may reduce depression risk in adults, with a 34% lower risk at high intakes and a 7% decrease per 100 mg/day increase. #MentalHealth #Nutrition

Hajhashemy Z2 ; Shirani F3 ; Askari G2
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
  2. 2. Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
  3. 3. Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran

Source: Nutrition Reviews Published:2025


Abstract

Context: The relation of magnesium (Mg) intake with depression was previously investigated by meta-analyses. However, due to limited data, a dose-response analysis was not performed. Objective: Considering the recently published articles, a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the relation of dietary Mg intake with depression in adults. Data Sources: Medline (PubMed), ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched up to August 2023. Data Extraction: Observational studies that reported the relation of dietary Mg intake and depression in adults were included and their data were extracted. Data Analysis: A total of 63-214 participants from 10 cross-sectional and 3 cohort studies were included in the current study. Pooling 15 effect sizes from 12 studies (including 50-275 participants) revealed that individuals with the highest Mg intake had a 34% lower risk of depression, compared with those with the lowest Mg intake (RR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.78). Moreover, the linear dose-response analysis revealed that each 100-mg/d increment in Mg intake was associated with a 7% reduced risk of depression (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.96). Additionally, based on nonlinear dose-response analysis, increasing Mg intake from 170 to 370 mg/d was associated with a reduced risk of depression. Analyses were also conducted on 9 studies (49-558 participants) with representative populations, and similar results were found in the meta-analysis (RR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.83) and linear (RR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.96) and nonlinear dose-response analysis. Conclusion: The current study shows an inverse dose-dependent association between dietary Mg intakes and risk of depression in both a general and representative population of adults in a dose-response manner. © 2024 The Author(s).
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