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Electrochemiluminescent Immunosensor for Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Using Luminol-Coated Silver Nanoparticles Publisher Pubmed



Akbari Nakhjavani S1, 2, 3 ; Khalilzadeh B4 ; Afsharan H5 ; Hosseini N6, 7 ; Ghahremani MH2, 8 ; Carrara S9 ; Tasoglu S1, 3 ; Omidi Y10
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
  2. 2. Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Koc University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
  4. 4. Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  5. 5. Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, WA, Australia
  6. 6. Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  7. 7. Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  8. 8. Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Integrated Circuit Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
  10. 10. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, 33328, FL, United States

Source: Microchimica Acta Published:2023


Abstract

Recently, electrochemiluminescent (ECL) immunosensors have received much attention in the field of biomarker detection. Here, a highly enhanced ECL immunosensing platform was designed for ultrasensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The surface of the glassy carbon electrode was enhanced by applying functional nanostructures such as thiolated graphene oxide (S-GO) and streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles (SA-AuNPs). The selectivity and sensitivity of the designed immunosensor were improved by entrapping CEA biomolecules using a sandwich approach. Luminol/silver nanoparticles (Lu-SNPs) were applied as the main core of the signaling probe, which were then coated with streptavidin to provide overloading of the secondary antibody. The highly ECL signal enhancement was obtained due to the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the signaling probe, in which the presence of H2O2 further amplified the intensity of the signals. The engineered immunosensor presented excellent sensitivity for CEA detection, with limit of detection (LOD) and linear detection range (LDR) values of 58 fg mL−1 and 0.1 pg mL−1 to 5 pg mL−1 (R2 = 0.9944), respectively. Besides its sensitivity, the fabricated ECL immunosensor presented outstanding selectivity for the detection of CEA in the presence of various similar agents. Additionally, the developed immunosensor showed an appropriate repeatability (RSD 3.8%) and proper stability (2 weeks). Having indicated a robust performance in the real human serum with stated LOD and LDR, the engineered immunosensor can be considered for the detection and monitoring of CEA in the clinic. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.
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