Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Investigation of Outdoor Btex: Concentration, Variations, Sources, Spatial Distribution, and Risk Assessment Publisher Pubmed



Miri M1, 2 ; Rostami Aghdam Shendi M3 ; Ghaffari HR4, 5 ; Ebrahimi Aval H6 ; Ahmadi E7, 8 ; Taban E3 ; Gholizadeh A2 ; Yazdani Aval M3 ; Mohammadi A2 ; Azari A5, 9
Authors
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  8. 8. Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

Source: Chemosphere Published:2016


Abstract

The aim of this study was to measure BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) concentrations in the ambient air of Tehran, the capital of Iran, and investigate their seasonal variations, probable sources, spatial mapping, and risk assessment. The concentrations of BTEX were measured using a continuous monitoring device installed in seven stations around the city. Spatial mapping procedure was conducted using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method. Monte Carlo simulation was used to assess the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks imposed by BTEX. The highest and lowest annual mean concentrations of toluene and ethylbenzene were recorded as 16.25 and 3.63 μg m−3, respectively. The maximum (6.434) and minimum (3.209) toluene/benzene (T/B) ratio was observed in summer and winter, respectively. The spatial distribution of BTEX pollution indicated that the highest concentrations were found along the major roads because of heavy traffic. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients and concentration ratios showed that BTEX were produced by the multiemission sources. The mean of inhalation lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) for benzene was 3.93 × 10−7, which is lower than the limits recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The hazard quotient (HQ), noncarcinogenic risk index, for all BTEX compounds was <1. The obtained results showed no threat of BTEX concentrations to human health. However, as the concentrations of BTEX will increase due to the rapid growth of vehicles and industrial activities, much effort is required to control and manage the levels of these compounds in the future. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
Related Docs
View other Related Docs
1. Characteristics and Health Effects of Btex in a Hot Spot for Urban Pollution, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (2018)
2. Trends of Btex in the Central Urban Area of Iran: A Preliminary Study of Photochemical Ozone Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Atmospheric Pollution Research (2018)
3. A Case Study of Btex Characteristics and Health Effects by Major Point Sources of Pollution During Winter in Iran, Environmental Pollution (2019)
4. On the Nature and Health Impacts of Btex in a Populated Middle Eastern City: Tehran, Iran, Atmospheric Pollution Research (2019)
5. Spatiotemporal Description of Btex Volatile Organic Compounds in a Middle Eastern Megacity: Tehran Study of Exposure Prediction for Environmental Health Research (Tehran Sepehr), Environmental Pollution (2017)
6. Source Apportionment of Btex Compounds in Tehran, Iran Using Unmix Receptor Model, Air Quality# Atmosphere and Health (2017)
7. Sensitivity of Btex Pollution and Health Effects to Traffic Restrictions: A Case Study in an Urban Center of Tehran, Iran, Sustainable Cities and Society (2024)
8. A Systematic Review of Land Use Regression Models for Volatile Organic Compounds, Atmospheric Environment (2017)
Experts (# of related papers)
View all Related Experts
Masoud Yunesian (6)
Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand (3)
Other Related Docs
9. Btex in Indoor Air of Barbershops and Beauty Salons: Characterization, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment, Chemosphere (2023)
10. Btex in Indoor Air of Beauty Salons: Risk Assessment, Levels and Factors Influencing Their Concentrations, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (2018)
11. Characteristics and Health Effects of Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde in an Urban Area in Iran, Environmental Pollution (2018)
12. Characteristics and Health Effects of Potentially Pathogenic Bacterial Aerosols From a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site in Hamadan, Iran, Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering (2021)
13. Airborne Particulate Matter in Tehran’S Ambient Air, Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering (2021)
14. Tvocs and Btex Concentrations in the Air of South Pars Special Economic Energy Zone, Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (2016)
15. Land Use Regression Models for Alkylbenzenes in a Middle Eastern Megacity: Tehran Study of Exposure Prediction for Environmental Health Research (Tehran Sepehr), Environmental Science and Technology (2017)
16. Exposure and Risk Assessment of Pahs in Indoor Air of Waterpipe Cafes in Ardebil, Iran, Building and Environment (2019)
17. Source-Specific Lung Cancer Risk Assessment of Ambient Pm2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pahs) in Central Tehran, Environment International (2018)
18. Exposure and Risk Assessment of Btex in Indoor Air of Gyms in Tehran, Iran, Microchemical Journal (2019)
19. Long-Term Trend of Ambient Air Pm10, Pm2.5, and O3 and Their Health Effects in Tabriz City, Iran, During 2006–2017, Sustainable Cities and Society (2020)
20. Characterization, Risk Assessment and Potential Source Identification of Pm10 in Tehran, Microchemical Journal (2020)
21. Temporal Variations of Atmospheric Benzene and Its Health Effects in Tehran Megacity (2010-2013), Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2019)
22. Exposure Assessment of Wastewater Treatment Plant Employees to Btex: A Biological Monitoring Approach, Scientific Reports (2022)
23. Indoor and Outdoor Concentrations of Btex and Formaldehyde in Tehran, Iran: Effects of Building Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment, Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2018)
24. A Wavelet-Based Random Forest Approach for Indoor Btex Spatiotemporal Modeling and Health Risk Assessment, Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2021)