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Btex in Indoor Air of Barbershops and Beauty Salons: Characterization, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment Publisher Pubmed



Janjani H1 ; Yunesian M2 ; Yaghmaeian K2 ; Aghaei M2 ; Yousefian F3 ; Alizadeh B4 ; Fazlzadeh M5, 6
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  4. 4. Students Research Committee, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
  5. 5. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
  6. 6. Lung Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

Source: Chemosphere Published:2023


Abstract

Background: Volatile organic compounds, mainly BTEX, are among the pollutants of concern in beauty salons and barbershops that threaten both staff personnel and clients' health. This study aimed to determine the concentration of BTEX in barbershops and beauty salons and assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks based on the actual risk coefficients. Also, possible sources of BTEX were determined. Method: Samples were collected by passive sampling. Quantitative and qualitative measurements of BTEX compounds were performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MASS). Subsequently, the health risks were assessed according to the US Environmental Protection Agency. SPSS24 software and positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis were used for statistical analysis and source apportionment respectively. Results: Toluene is the most abundant compound in beauty salons, with a maximum concentration of 219.4 (μg/m3) in beauty salons. Results indicated that the mean ELCR value estimated for benzene regarding female staff exposure (1.04 × 10−5) was higher than that for men (4.05 × 10−6). Also, ELCR values of ethylbenzene for staff exposure were 2.08 × 10−6 and 3.8 × 10−6 for men and women, respectively, and possess possible carcinogenesis risks. Conclusion: Use of solvents and cosmetic products, improper heating systems, and type of service are the sources that probably contribute to BTEX emissions in beauty salons. It is necessary to follow health guidelines and conduct continuous monitoring for their implementation, in addition to setting a mandated occupational regulation framework or air quality requirements, to improve the health conditions in beauty salons. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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