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Concise Review: Bioengineering of Limbal Stem Cell Niche Publisher



Soleimani M1, 2 ; Cheraqpour K1 ; Koganti R2 ; Baharnoori SM2 ; Djalilian AR2
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1336616351, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, IL, United States

Source: Bioengineering Published:2023


Abstract

The corneal epithelium is composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous cells and has a significant turnover rate. Limbal integrity is vital to maintain the clarity and avascularity of the cornea as well as regeneration of the corneal epithelium. Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are located in the basal epithelial layer of the limbus and preserve this homeostasis. Proper functioning of LESCs is dependent on a specific microenvironment, known as the limbal stem cell niche (LSCN). This structure is made up of various cells, an extracellular matrix (ECM), and signaling molecules. Different etiologies may damage the LSCN, leading to limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), which is characterized by conjunctivalization of the cornea. In this review, we first summarize the basics of the LSCN and then focus on current and emerging bioengineering strategies for LSCN restoration to combat LSCD. © 2023 by the authors.
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