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Regional and National Burden of Leukemia and Its Attributable Burden to Risk Factors in 21 Countries and Territories of North Africa and Middle East, 1990–2019: Results From the Gbd Study 2019 Publisher Pubmed



Heidariforoozan M1, 2 ; Saeedi Moghaddam S1 ; Keykhaei M3 ; Shobeiri P1 ; Azadnajafabad S1 ; Esfahani Z1, 4 ; Rezaei N1 ; Nasserinejad M1, 6 ; Rezaei N1 ; Rayzan E1, 7 ; Shokri Varniab Z1 ; Golestani A1 ; Haghshenas R1 ; Kompani F8 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Heidariforoozan M1, 2
  2. Saeedi Moghaddam S1
  3. Keykhaei M3
  4. Shobeiri P1
  5. Azadnajafabad S1
  6. Esfahani Z1, 4
  7. Rezaei N1
  8. Nasserinejad M1, 6
  9. Rezaei N1
  10. Rayzan E1, 7
  11. Shokri Varniab Z1
  12. Golestani A1
  13. Haghshenas R1
  14. Kompani F8
  15. Larijani B5
  16. Farzadfar F1, 5
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Second Floor, No. 10, Jalal Al-E-Ahmad Highway, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran
  2. 2. Student Research Center Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, 60611, IL, United States
  4. 4. Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
  8. 8. Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology Published:2023


Abstract

Purpose: Regional and national data on leukemia’s burden provide a better comprehension of leukemia’s trends and are vital for policy-makers for better allocation of the resources. This study reports the burden of leukemia, and the attributed burden to its risk factors in 21 countries and territories of the North Africa and Middle East. Methods: Data from cancer registration, scientific literature, survey, and reports were the input to estimate the burden of leukemia. In addition, the burden of attributable risk factors with evidence of causation with leukemia was calculated using the comparative risk assessment framework. All measures are reported as counts and rates divided by sex and specific age groups. Results: In 2019, there were 39,297 (95% uncertainty interval: 32,617–45,056) incident cases of leukemia with an age-standardized rate (ASR) of 7.8 (6.5–8.8) per 100,000 in the region. There were also 25,143 (21,109–28,826) deaths and 1,011,555 (822,537–1,173,621) DALYs attributed to Leukemia with an ASR of 5.4 (4.6–6.1) per 100,000 and 183.4 (150.7–211.2) per 100,000, respectively. Years of life lost (YLLs) (179.4 [147.2–206.7]) were accountable for the major part of DALYs. All count measures increased, while all the ASRs decreased during 1990–2019. The Syrian Arab Republic, Qatar, and Afghanistan had the highest ASR incidence, mortality, and DALYs rate in 2019. Incidence, DALYs, and prevalence rates were higher in males of all age groups except under five, and the highest rates were observed in +75 age group. Four major risk factors for leukemia were smoking, high body mass index, occupational exposure to benzene, and formaldehyde. Conclusion: Despite the reduction in age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality, the burden of leukemia has increased steadily, due to population growth and aging. Notable variations exist between age-standardized rates in region’s countries. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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