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The Burden of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers in North Africa and the Middle East (Name) Region: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Publisher Pubmed



Karimi A1 ; Saeedi Moghaddam S1, 2 ; Azadnajafabad S1 ; Esfahani Z1, 3 ; Sharifnejad Tehrani Y1 ; Abbasikangevari M1 ; Shobeiri P1 ; Ghamari SH1 ; Masinaei M1, 4 ; Rezaei N1 ; Shahin S1 ; Rayzan E5 ; Rezaei N1 ; Larijani B6 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Karimi A1
  2. Saeedi Moghaddam S1, 2
  3. Azadnajafabad S1
  4. Esfahani Z1, 3
  5. Sharifnejad Tehrani Y1
  6. Abbasikangevari M1
  7. Shobeiri P1
  8. Ghamari SH1
  9. Masinaei M1, 4
  10. Rezaei N1
  11. Shahin S1
  12. Rayzan E5
  13. Rezaei N1
  14. Larijani B6
  15. Kompani F7
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany
  3. 3. Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
  6. 6. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Children’s Medical Center, 62 Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran

Source: BMC Pediatrics Published:2023


Abstract

Introduction: Despite the significant burden of childhood and adolescent cancers, no specific studies recently discussed the burden of cancer in this group in the North Africa and the Middle East (NAME) region. Therefore, we aimed to study the burden of cancers in this group in this region. Materials and methods: We retrieved the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data for children and adolescent cancers (0–19 years old) in the NAME region from 1990 to 2019. 21 types of neoplasms were grouped as “neoplasms”, comprising 19 specific cancer groups as well as “other malignant neoplasms” and “other neoplasms”. Three significant parameters of incidence, deaths, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) were studied. The data are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI), and reported rates per 100,000. Results: In 2019, almost 6 million (95% UI: 4.166 M–8.405 M) new cases and 11,560(9770-13,578) deaths due to neoplasms occurred in the NAME region. Incidence was higher in females (3.4 M), while deaths (6226 of overall 11,560) and DALYs (501,118 of overall 933,885) were estimated as higher in males. Incidence rates did not significantly change since 1990, while deaths and DALYs rates declined significantly. After excluding “other malignant neoplasms” and “other neoplasms”, leukemia was responsible for the highest number of incidence and deaths (incidence: 10,629(8237-13,081), deaths: 4053(3135-5013), followed by brain and central nervous system cancers (incidence: 5897(4192-7134), deaths: 2446(1761-2960)), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (incidence: 2741 (2237-3392), deaths: 790(645–962)). Incidence rates of neoplasms were similar for most countries, but countries varied more in terms of death rates. Afghanistan 8.9(6.5–11.9), Sudan 6.4(4.5–8.6), and the Syrian Arab Republic 5.6(4.3–8.3) had the highest overall death rates. Conclusion: The NAME region is observing relatively constant incidence rates and a decreasing pattern in the deaths and DALYs. Despite this success, several countries are lagging behind in development. Different issues such as economic problems, armed conflicts and political instabilities, lack of equipment or experienced staff or poor distribution, stigmatization and disbelief in the healthcare systems account for unfavorable numbers in some countries. Such problems require urgent solutions as new sophisticated and personalized cares raise the alarm for even more inequalities between high and low-income countries. © 2023, The Author(s).
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