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Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications of Exosomes in Colorectal Cancer Publisher Pubmed



Shakerian N1 ; Darzieslam E2 ; Afsharnoori F2 ; Bana N3 ; Noorabad Ghahroodi F4 ; Tarin M5 ; Mardsoltani M1 ; Khalesi B6 ; Hashemi ZS7 ; Khalili S8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Kish International Campus, University of Teheran, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Education and Extension Organization, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Karaj, 3197619751, Iran
  7. 7. ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran

Source: Medical Oncology Published:2024


Abstract

Exosomes play a key role in colorectal cancer (CRC) related processes. This review explores the various functions of exosomes in CRC and their potential as diagnostic markers, therapeutic targets, and drug delivery vehicles. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) significantly influence CRC progression. Specific exosomal lncRNAs are linked to drug resistance and tumor growth, respectively, highlighting their therapeutic potential. Similarly, miRNAs like miR-21, miR-10b, and miR-92a-3p, carried by exosomes, contribute to chemotherapy resistance by altering signaling pathways and gene expression in CRC cells. The review also discusses exosomes' utility in CRC diagnosis. Exosomes from cancer cells have distinct molecular signatures compared to healthy cells, making them reliable biomarkers. Specific exosomal lncRNAs (e.g., CRNDE-h) and miRNAs (e.g., miR-17-92a) have shown effectiveness in early CRC detection and monitoring of treatment responses. Furthermore, exosomes show promise as vehicles for targeted drug delivery. The potential of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes in CRC treatment is also noted, with their role varying from promoting to inhibiting tumor progression. The application of multi-omics approaches to exosome research is highlighted, emphasizing the potential for discovering novel CRC biomarkers through comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses. The review also explores the emerging field of exosome-based vaccines, which utilize exosomes' natural properties to elicit strong immune responses. In conclusion, exosomes represent a promising frontier in CRC research, offering new avenues for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Their unique properties and versatile functions underscore the need for continued investigation into their clinical applications and underlying mechanisms. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
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