Integration of Magnetic Nanoparticles With Chitosan in Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction Conducted With Deep Eutectic Supramolecular Solvent for Preconcentration of Paraben Preservatives in Biological and Liquid Pharmaceutical Samples Prior to Hplc-Uv Publisher



M Ezoddin MARYAM ; M Ghane MOHAMMAD ; A Mohadesi ALIREZA ; Km Abdi Khosrou M ; L Adlnasab LALEH ; Ma Karimi Mohammad ALI
Source: Microchemical Journal Published:2025

Abstract

In this work, an ultrasound magnetic dispersive micro-solid phase extraction method was investigated by applying a supramolecular solvent (UMD-μSPE) to extract three paraben preservatives (methyl, ethyl and propyl paraben) of biological and liquid pharmaceutical samples prior to HPLC-UV. In this study, magnetic chitosan composite (CS@Fe3O4@SiO2 composite) in combination with a deep eutectic supramolecular solvent as green eluent enhanced the extraction efficiency of parabens. A deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of β-cyclodextrin and an organic acid demonstrated superior desorption efficiency compared to traditional organic solvents. Additionally, this method enhanced the adsorption capacity and mass transfer through the use of ultrasound. The synthesized materials were characterized by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify functional groups, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to examine the surface morphology, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to determine the elemental composition. The effects of various parameters on the extraction of parabens were assessed. Under the optimized conditions, the linearity of calibration curves was up to 5000 μg L−1 with the limit of detections(LODs) (S/N = 3) in the range of 1–3 μg L−1. The precisions (RSD %) (50 μg L−1, n = 5) and enrichment factors (EFs) were acquired at 2.5–3.9 % and 49.1–49.4, respectively. Finally, the developed method was effectively utilized for the quantification of three parabens in plasma, urine, hydrolyzed, and pharmaceutical samples. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.