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Dietary Patterns and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: Results of a Double-Center Case-Control Study in Iran Publisher



Rouzitalab T1 ; Shivappa N2, 3 ; Daneshzad E4 ; Izadi A1 ; Sanoobar M5 ; Khandouzi N6 ; Shirishahsavar MR7, 8 ; Khalili M9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, IR, Tabriz, Iran
  2. 2. Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 29208, SC, United States
  3. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 29208, SC, United States
  4. 4. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  5. 5. Clinical Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
  8. 8. Health Products Safety Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
  9. 9. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Nutrition and Health Published:2023


Abstract

Background: It has been suggested that nutrition might contribute to multiple sclerosis etiology (MS). Aim: This case-control study aimed to determine the role of food habits and dietary patterns in preventing or developing MS in a multicenter study in Iran (Tehran and Shiraz). Methods: In this study, food intake of (106 patients with relapsing/remitting MS (RRMS) and 72 healthy controls in Tehran) and (75 patients with relapsing/remitting MS (RRMS) and 72 healthy controls in Shiraz) were collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were extracted using factor analysis. The association between dietary patterns and the risk of MS was analyzed by Logistic regression. Results: Two major dietary patterns were extracted: the “healthy” and the “unhealthy” patterns. After adjustment for potential confounders, in Tehran city, subjects in the highest tertile of the unhealthy dietary pattern score had greater odds of having MS, compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: [1.95–2.41]; p for trend = 0.01). In Shiraz city, subjects in the highest tertile of the unhealthy dietary pattern score had greater odds with MS than those in the lowest tertile (OR: 3.08; 95% CI: [1.27-7.38]; p for trend = 0.01). However, in both groups, no significant association was found between healthy dietary pattern and MS risk. Conclusions: Adherence to unhealthy dietary pattern may increase the risk of MS in Iran. The results can be used for developing interventions that aim to promote healthy eating for preventing MS. © The Author(s) 2022.
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