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Dry Eye Disease: Emerging Approaches to Disease Analysis and Therapy Publisher



Heidari M1, 2 ; Noorizadeh F1 ; Wu K3, 4 ; Inomata T5, 6 ; Mashaghi A7, 8, 9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Basir Eye Health Research Center, Tehran, 1418643561, Iran
  2. 2. Farabi Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 133661635, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Ophthalmic Consultation Service, New York, 10029, NY, United States
  4. 4. New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, 10003, NY, United States
  5. 5. Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan
  6. 6. Department of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan
  7. 7. Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology Division, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, Netherlands
  8. 8. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, United States
  9. 9. Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China

Source: Journal of Clinical Medicine Published:2019


Abstract

Dry eye disease (DED) is among the most common ocular disorders affecting tens of millions of individuals worldwide; however, the condition remains incompletely understood and treated. Valuable insights have emerged from multidisciplinary approaches, including immunometabolic analyses, microbiome analyses, and bioengineering. Furthermore, we have seen new developments in clinical assessment approaches and treatment strategies in the recent past. Here, we review the emerging frontiers in the pathobiology and clinical management of DED. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.