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Electrochemical Biosensors for Pathogen Detection: An Updated Review Publisher Pubmed



Banakar M1, 2 ; Hamidi M3 ; Khurshid Z4, 5 ; Zafar MS6, 7 ; Sapkota J8 ; Azizian R9, 10 ; Rokaya D11
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14176-14411, Iran
  2. 2. Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348-45794, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, 41887-94755, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Al-Hofuf, 31982, Saudi Arabia
  5. 5. Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
  6. 6. Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah, 41311, Saudi Arabia
  7. 7. Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
  8. 8. Research Center of Applied Sciences and Technology, Kritipur, 44600, Nepal
  9. 9. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center (PIDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14197-33151, Iran
  10. 10. Biomedical Innovation & Start-Up Association (Biomino), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14166-34793, Iran
  11. 11. Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand

Source: Biosensors Published:2022


Abstract

Electrochemical biosensors are a family of biosensors that use an electrochemical transducer to perform their functions. In recent decades, many electrochemical biosensors have been created for pathogen detection. These biosensors for detecting infections have been comprehensively studied in terms of transduction elements, biorecognition components, and electrochemical methods. This review discusses the biorecognition components that may be used to identify pathogens. These include antibodies and aptamers. The integration of transducers and electrode changes in biosensor design is a major discussion topic. Pathogen detection methods can be categorized by sample preparation and secondary binding processes. Diagnostics in medicine, environmental monitoring, and biothreat detection can benefit from electrochemical biosensors to ensure food and water safety. Disposable and reusable biosensors for process monitoring, as well as multiplexed and conformal pathogen detection, are all included in this review. It is now possible to identify a wide range of diseases using biosensors that may be applied to food, bodily fluids, and even objects’ surfaces. The sensitivity of optical techniques may be superior to electrochemical approaches, but optical methods are prohibitively expensive and challenging for most end users to utilize. On the other hand, electrochemical approaches are simpler to use, but their efficacy in identifying infections is still far from satisfactory. © 2022 by the authors.
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