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Obesity and Thyroid Cancer: Unraveling the Connection Through a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies Publisher

Summary: Meta-analysis confirms obesity increases thyroid cancer risk by 16%, with stronger effects in longer follow-up studies. #Obesity #ThyroidCancer

Abiri B1 ; Ahmadi AR2 ; Valizadeh A1, 3 ; Abbaspour F1 ; Valizadeh M1 ; Hedayati M4
Authors

Source: Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Published:2024


Abstract

Background: The relationship between adiposity indicators and thyroid cancer (TC) risk has garnered increasing attention due to the rising prevalence of obesity and its potential impact on cancer incidence. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to investigate this association across various effect measures. Method: Until July 2022, a comprehensive search of databases was conducted to identify cohort studies that assessed the association between adiposity and the development of TC. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects models. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using Begg’s tests. Results: A systematic literature search identified 27 eligible studies reporting odds ratios (OR), relative risks (RR), or hazard ratios (HR) as effect measures. Pooling the studies irrespective of the effect measure, a significant positive association between adiposity indicators and TC risk was observed, yielding an effect estimate of 1.16 (95% CI 1.12–1.21). The combined effect estimate for OR/RR studies was 1.10 (95%CI 1.04–1.17), while HR studies yielded an effect estimate of 1.20 (95%CI 1.13–1.26). Subgroup analyses revealed associations across different age groups, obesity indices, and regions, with some variations based on effect measure. Meta-regression identified follow-up duration as a confounding factor only in HR studies. Conclusion: The synthesis of 27 studies with diverse designs and populations underscores a robust positive association between adiposity and TC risk, providing compelling evidence for the potential role of increased adiposity in TC development. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2024.
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