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Visceral Obesity and Incident Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: An Integrative Review of the Epidemiological Evidence Publisher Pubmed



Silveira EA1, 2 ; Kliemann N3 ; Noll M4 ; Sarrafzadegan N5, 6 ; De Oliveira C7
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Affiliate Academic at the Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  2. 2. Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
  3. 3. Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
  4. 4. Instituto Federal Goiano, Public Health Dept, Ceres, Brazil
  5. 5. Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  6. 6. School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  7. 7. Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Source: Obesity Reviews Published:2021


Abstract

Evidence shows a strong relationship between obesity, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, there is not enough evidence of the role of visceral obesity on both CVD and cancer. Visceral obesity may be more pro-oncogenic than total body fat. Therefore, it is important to know whether abdominal obesity can lead to both CVD and cancer. The present integrative review aimed at evaluating epidemiological evidence on the potential connection of visceral obesity in the occurrence of cancer and CVD. The following databases were searched: SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, Lilacs, SciELO, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and ProQuest. The presence of visceral obesity can increase the risk of some specific cancer types, but there is controversial evidence about CVD risk based on sex-specific and ageing analyses. There is enough evidence that visceral obesity increases the risk of colorectal, pancreatic and gastro-oesophageal cancer. However, for some types of cancer such as breast, endometrial and renal, visceral obesity is a risk only in post-menopausal women. Regarding prostate cancer, the evidence is controversial. Despite the risk of visceral obesity being consistently associated with CVD in adults, this association disappears in sex-specific and older adults analyses. Moreover, in older adults, the results are controversial due to the use of different measures such as waist circumference and visceral adipose tissue. However, the evidence showing visceral obesity as a risk factor to CVD remains controversial. Sex differences, ageing and body mass index (BMI) category can potentially modify this association. Therefore, further epidemiological studies with analyses stratified by sex and samples including older adults aged 65 and older are needed. © 2020 The Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation
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