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Immunization Using Male Germ Cells and Gametes As Rich Sources of Cancer/Testis Antigens for Inhibition of 4T1 Breast Tumors' Growth and Metastasis in Balb/C Mice Publisher Pubmed



Safavi A1 ; Kefayat A2 ; Ghahremani F3 ; Mahdevar E4 ; Moshtaghian J5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Medical Physics and Radiotherapy, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, 38481-76941, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

Source: International Immunopharmacology Published:2019


Abstract

Recently cancer/testis antigens (CTA) have gained lots of attention as targets of immune therapy. However, the therapeutic efficacy of the CTAs single-antigen vaccines is not satisfying due to tumor heterogenicity. Therefore, many studies have focused on the enhancement of their efficacy by utilizing rich sources of tumor-associated antigens for anti-cancer vaccination. In the present study, the testicular germ cells and sperm cells as well-known sources of cancer/testis antigens were investigated for anti-4T1 breast cancer vaccination in BALB/c mice. The testicular germ cells (TGCs) and sperm cells were isolated from male BALB/c mice. The definite number of cells were homogenized and mixed with Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) for vaccination of female BALB/c mice. The treatment groups underwent 3 times of immunizations with one-week intervals and one week after the last injection, all groups were injected with 4T1 cancer cells. The TGCs + BCG (259.7 ± 39 mm3) and Sperm + BCG (426 ± 52 mm3) groups exhibited a significant decrease in the tumors' volume in comparison with BCG (641.3 ± 102 mm3) and no-treatment (788.1 ± 117 mm3) groups. Therefore, the TGCs + BCG immunized mice had the smallest tumors in comparison with all groups (P < 0.05). Also, the vital organs of TGCs + BCG (lungs: 6.8 ± 2, liver: 10.1 ± 2) immunized mice exhibited lowest metastatic burden in comparison with the Sperm + BCG (lungs: 13.5 ± 3, liver: 21.1 ± 4), BCG (lungs: 24.3 ± 4, liver: 33 ± 4), and no-treatment (lungs: 26.5 ± 6, liver: 37.3 ± 3) groups. These observations were inconsistent with the tumor-bearing mice survival evaluations as the TGCs + BCG group had longer mean survival time (79.6 ± 12 days) in comparison with other groups (no-treatment: 49.8 ± 8, BCG: 50.5 ± 10, BCG + Sperm: 64.6 ± 7 days). Therefore, TGCs can be a potential source of antigens for the anti-breast cancer immunization and more investigations are necessary. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
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