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Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

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Faculty Members have conducted research related to the Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Valsalva Maneuver and Fentanyl Administration for Attenuating Etomidate Injection Pain: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Mohammad Reza Safavi

Mohammad Reza Safavi

Professor of Anesthesiology

Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine

Al-Zahra Hospital

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Related Documents

1. Comparing the Effect of Sodium Thiopental, Magnesium Sulfate, Midazolam, Prime Etomidate, and Remifentanil on Myoclonus Incidence and Pain Induced by Anesthesia With Etomidate, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2018)

2. Effects of Intraoperative-Intrathecal Sufentanil Injection on Postoperati Pain Management After Single Level Lumbar Discectomy, Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology (2010)

3. Prevention of Propofol-Induced Injection Pain by Sufentanil: A Placebo-Controlled Comparison With Remifentanil, Clinical Drug Investigation (2008)

4. Attenuation of Cardiovascular Responses to Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation-Intravenous Sufentanil Vs Pethidine, Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology (2008)

5. Postoperative Analgesia After Caesarean Section: Intermittent Intramuscular Versus Subcutaneous Morphine Boluses, Acute Pain (2007)

6. Comparison of the Effects of Remifentanyl-Propofol and Remifentasnyl-Isoflurane on Hemodynamic Variables, Blood Gases, and Blood Glucose Among Patients Under General Anesthesia, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2017)

7. Comparison Study of Preemptive Effect of Intratechal Fentanyl With Intravenous Ondansetron, Dexamethasone, and Dexamethasone Plus Ondansetron on Shivering During Surgeries Under Spinal Anesthesia With Bupivacaine, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2017)

8. The Analgesic Effect of Three Different Doses of Nitroglycerine When Added to Lidocaine for Intravenous Regional Anesthesia in Trauma Patients; [Travma Hastalarinda Intravenoz Rejyonel Anestezi Icin Lidokaine Eklenmesi Durumunda Uc Farkli Nitrogliserin Dozunun Analjezik Etkisi], Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi (2011)

9. Effect of Different Doses of Ketamine on Fentanyl-Induced Cough, Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (2024)

10. Magnesium Sulphate Pretreatment to Alleviate Pain on Propofol Injection: A Comparison With Ketamine or Lidocaine, Acute Pain (2008)

11. The Comparability of Second Dose Thiopental With Lidocaine in the Attenuation of Cardiovascular Response to Endotracheal Intubation, Iranian Cardiovascular Research Journal (2009)

12. Comparison of the Effect of Dexamethasone, Midazolam, and Ondansetron Injection Alone, or in Combination, and Placebo on the Severity of Shivering During and After Spinal Anesthesia in Orthopedic Operations of the Lower Limb, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2019)

13. Dexmedetomidine Versus Propofol: An Effective Combination With Ketamine for Adult Procedural Sedation: A Randomized Clinical Trial, American Journal of Emergency Medicine (2023)

14. Comparing the Prophylactic Effects of Oral Gabapentin, Pregabalin, and Celecoxib on Postoperative Pain Management in Orthopedic Surgery of the Lower Extremity: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (2020)

15. The Analgesic Effect of Midazolam When Added to Lidocaine for Intravenous Regional Anaesthesia, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (2011)

16. Pre-Emptive Comparative Study of the Effect of Intravenous Apotel® and Ketorolac on Pain After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Surgery Under General Anesthesia: Triple-Blinded Clinical Trial; [و کتورولاک وریدی بر درد پس از جراحی کوله )® بررسی مقایسه ای پره امپتیو تأثیر پاراستامول )آپوتل سیستکتومی لاپاروسکوپی تحت بیهوشی عمومی: کارآزمایی بالینی سه سوکور], Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2024)

17. Effects of Adding Low-Dose Ketamine to Remifentanil-Midazolam Infusion Under Topical Anesthesia on Pain Relief After Nasal Bone Fracture, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2012)

18. Effect of Sufentanil Plus Propofol Versus Fentanyl Plus Propofol on the Cardiovascular Response to Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation; [تأثیر فنتانیل و سوفنتانیل در ترکیب با پروپوفول بر تغییرات ضربان قلب و فشارخون بعد از لارنگوسکوپی و لولهگذاری تراشه], Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2025)

19. Spinal Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia for Elective Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (2011)

All Documents

1. Effect of Sufentanil Plus Propofol Versus Fentanyl Plus Propofol on the Cardiovascular Response to Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation; [تأثیر فنتانیل و سوفنتانیل در ترکیب با پروپوفول بر تغییرات ضربان قلب و فشارخون بعد از لارنگوسکوپی و لولهگذاری تراشه], Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2025)

2. Comparative Evaluation of Direct Laryngoscopy Versus Glidescope for the Purpose of Laryngoscopy Management and Intubation in Candidates of Cesarean Delivery With General Anesthesia, Advanced Biomedical Research (2024)

3. Comparative Study of the Preemptive Dexmedetomidine Versus Ondansetron Effect in Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting After Middle Ear Surgery, Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (2024)

4. Effect of Different Doses of Ketamine on Fentanyl-Induced Cough, Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (2024)

5. Hip to Neck Circumference Ratio As an Independent Predictor of Difficult Intubation in Obese Patients, Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (2024)

6. Incidental Finding of Parasagittal Meningioma Following the Occurrence of Myoclonic Seizure After the Spinal Anesthesia, Archives of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (2024)

7. Investigating the Preventive Effect of Two Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine on the Incidence of Cough and Hemodynamics During Tracheal Tube Removal Compared to the Control Group: A Randomized Controlled Trial; [بررسیتأثیرپیشگیرانهیدو دوز متفاوت دکسمدتومیدینبر بروز سرفه و تغییراتعالیمحیاتیحینخروج لول تراشه در مقایسهبا گروه شاهد:یکمطالعهیکارآزماییبالینی], Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2024)

8. Pre-Emptive Comparative Study of the Effect of Intravenous Apotel® and Ketorolac on Pain After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Surgery Under General Anesthesia: Triple-Blinded Clinical Trial; [و کتورولاک وریدی بر درد پس از جراحی کوله )® بررسی مقایسه ای پره امپتیو تأثیر پاراستامول )آپوتل سیستکتومی لاپاروسکوپی تحت بیهوشی عمومی: کارآزمایی بالینی سه سوکور], Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2024)

9. Dexmedetomidine Versus Propofol: An Effective Combination With Ketamine for Adult Procedural Sedation: A Randomized Clinical Trial, American Journal of Emergency Medicine (2023)

10. Efficacy of Plasmapheresis in Neutropenic Patients Suffering From Cytokine Storm Because of Severe Covid-19 Infection, Blood Research (2023)

11. Comparison of Airway Assessment Tests for Prediction of Difficult Intubation in Obese Patients: Importance of Thyromental Height and Upper Lip Bite Test, Minerva Anestesiologica (2022)

12. Comparison of the Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Propofol in Reducing Recovery Agitation in Pediatric Patients After Ketamine Procedural Sedation in Emergency Department, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (2021)

13. A Comparison on the Preventive Effect of 100 Mg and 200 Mg Oral Celecoxib on Shivering During and After Orthopedic Lower Extremity Surgery Under the Spinal Anesthesia; a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Study, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2020)

14. Anaesthetic Management of a Known Case of Werner Syndrome by Peripheral Nerve Block in the Orthopaedic Surgery of Forearm, Turkish Journal of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation (2020)

15. Comparing the Prophylactic Effects of Oral Gabapentin, Pregabalin, and Celecoxib on Postoperative Pain Management in Orthopedic Surgery of the Lower Extremity: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (2020)

16. How to Predict Difficult Tracheal Intubation: The Application of Acromio-Axillo-Suprasternal Notch Index, Advanced Biomedical Research (2020)

17. The Effect of Adding Dexmedetomidine on Change in Heart Rate and Blood Pressure After Induction of Anesthesia With Thiopental Sodium in Electroconvulsive Therapy; a Randomized Clinical Trial Study, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2020)

18. A Comparative Study of Predicting Difficult Intubation by Six Indexes of Thyromental Height (Tmh), Acromioaxillary-Suprasternal Notch Index (Aasi), Modified Mallampati Test (Mmt), Upper Lip Biting Test (Ulbt), Height to Thyromental Distance Ratio (Rhtmd), and Neck Circumference to Thyromental Height Ratio (Nc/Tmh) in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2019)

19. Comparison of the Acromio-Axillosuprasternal Notch Index With Five Anatomical Indices for the Prediction of Difficult Laryngoscopy and Intubation, European Journal of Anaesthesiology (2019)

20. Comparison of the Effect of Dexamethasone, Midazolam, and Ondansetron Injection Alone, or in Combination, and Placebo on the Severity of Shivering During and After Spinal Anesthesia in Orthopedic Operations of the Lower Limb, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2019)

21. Comparison of the Performance of Acromioaxillosuprasternal Notch Index With Old Method of Anatomical Measurement of Head and Neck in Predicting Laryngoscopy Forecasting Problems in Pediatrics Surgical Procedures Requiring Tracheal Intubation Under General Anesthesia, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2019)

22. Evaluation and Comparison of the Effects of Intravenous Lidocaine Versus Alkalinized Intracuff Lidocaine on Coughing and Postoperative Sore Throat, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2019)

23. Comparing the Effect of Sodium Thiopental, Magnesium Sulfate, Midazolam, Prime Etomidate, and Remifentanil on Myoclonus Incidence and Pain Induced by Anesthesia With Etomidate, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2018)

24. Preventive Effect of Different Doses of Tramadol on Postoperative Shivering During and After Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgery Under Spinal Anesthesia As Compared to Control Group, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2018)

25. The Preemptive Effect of Magnesium Sulfate Gargle, Ketamine Gargle or Dexamethasone Intravenous Injection on Sore Throat Following Surgery in Patients Undergoing Surgery With General Anesthesia, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2018)

26. Comparison of the Effects of Remifentanyl-Propofol and Remifentasnyl-Isoflurane on Hemodynamic Variables, Blood Gases, and Blood Glucose Among Patients Under General Anesthesia, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2017)

27. Comparison Study of Preemptive Effect of Intratechal Fentanyl With Intravenous Ondansetron, Dexamethasone, and Dexamethasone Plus Ondansetron on Shivering During Surgeries Under Spinal Anesthesia With Bupivacaine, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2017)

28. The Effect of Intravenous Hydrocortisone (1 or 2 Mg/Kg) on Postoperative Shivering in Cesarean Section With Spinal Anesthesia, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2017)

29. The Effect of Labetalol or Remifentanil on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate After Laryngoscopy and Intubation, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2017)

30. The Effect of Using Topical Lidocaine on Blade and Cuff of Laryngoscope, and Tracheal Mucosa on Changes of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure During Laryngoscopy and Intubation, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2017)

31. Acromio-Axillo-Suprasternal Notch Index: A New Screening Test to Predict Difficult Laryngoscopy in Obstetric Patients Scheduled for Caesarean Delivery, European Journal of Anaesthesiology (2016)

32. Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Different Doses of Labetalol on Cardiovascular Response to Tracheal Intubation, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2016)

33. Comparing “Acromio-Axillo-Suprasternal Notch Index (Aasi)” As a New Screening Test for Predicting Difficult Laryngoscopy With Four Commonly Used Tests, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2016)

34. Evaluating the Prophylactic Effect of Magnesium Sulfate and Combination of Midazolam and Ketamine for Prevention of Shivering During Regional Anaesthesia, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2016)

35. Evaluation of Prophylactic Injection of Two Doses of Tramadol on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Changes Compared With Control Group After Laryngoscopy and Intubation, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2016)

36. Prophylactic Antiemetic Effects of Midazolam, Ondansetron and Their Combination After Middle Ear Surgery, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2016)

37. The Efficacy of Different Doses of Liquorice Gargling for Attenuating Postoperative Sore Throat and Cough After Tracheal Intubation, European Journal of Anaesthesiology (2016)

38. The Evaluation of Effects Two Different Doses of Hydrocortisone on the Intensity of Perioperative Shivering in Elective Surgery Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Study, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (2016)

39. Comparing the Hemodynamic Changes During and After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Under General Anesthesia With Propofol and Isoflurane, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2015)

40. Evaluating the Effect of Various Doses of Magnesium Sulfate on Cardiovascular Changing and Stimulating Due to Laryngoscopes and Intubation, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2015)

41. A Randomized Controlled Trial for the Effectiveness of Intraarticular Versus Intravenous Midazolam on Pain After Knee Arthroscopy, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (2014)

42. An Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Doses of Ketamine for Treatment of Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort in Patients Underwent Urologic Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study, Urology Annals (2014)

43. Comparing the Effects of Low Doses of Propofol, Ketamine and Combination of Propofol-Ketamine in Prevention of Post-Extubation Coughing and Laryngospasm, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2014)

44. Impact of Preoperative Clopidogrel Administration on Perioperative Blood Loss and Transfusion Requirements in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2014)

45. The Relationship of Anthropometric Indices and Hemodynamic Changes After Laryngoscopy, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2014)

46. Comparison of Effect of Intravenous Ketamine, Peritonsillar Infiltration of Tramadol and Their Combination on Pediatric Posttonsillectomy Pain: A Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial, Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences (2013)

47. Intravenous Dexamethasone Vs. Ketamine Gargle Vs. Intravenous Dexamethasone Combined With Ketamine Gargle for Evaluation of Post-Operative Sore Throat and Hoarseness: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2013)

48. The Effect of Magnesium Sulfate on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate After Electroconvulsive Therapy, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2013)

49. Assessing Intravenous Ketamine and Intravenous Dexamethasone Separately and in Combination for Early Oral Intake, Vomiting and Postoperative Pain Relief in Children Following Tonsillectomy., Medicinski arhiv (2012)

50. Effect of Erythropoietin on Glasgow Coma Scale and Glasgow Outcome Scale in Patient With Diffuse Axonal Injury, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (2012)

51. Effect of Three Different Dosages of Magnesium Sulfate on Attenuating Hemodynamic Responses After Electroconvulsive Therapy:A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences (2012)

52. Effects of Adding Low-Dose Ketamine to Remifentanil-Midazolam Infusion Under Topical Anesthesia on Pain Relief After Nasal Bone Fracture, Journal of Isfahan Medical School (2012)

53. Preincisional Administration of Intravenous or Subcutaneous Infiltration of Low-Dose Ketamine Suppresses Postoperative Pain After Appendectomy, Journal of Pain Research (2012)

54. Preincisional Analgesia With Subcutaneous Administration of Tramadol Reduces Postoperative Pain in Patients After Open Urologic Surgeries: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study, Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences (2012)

55. Prophylactic Administration of Haloperidol Plus Midazolam Reduces Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Better Than Using Each Drug Alone in Patients Undergoing Middle Ear Surgery, Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia (2012)

56. A Comparison of the Ratio of Patient's Height to Thyromental Distance With the Modified Mallampati and the Upper Lip Bite Test in Predicting Difficult Laryngoscopy, Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia (2011)

57. A New System for Neuronavigation and Stereotactic Biopsy Pantograph Stereotactic Localization and Guidance System, Journal of Surgical Technique and Case Report (2011)

58. Attenuation of the Pressor Response to Direct Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation: Oral Clonidine Vs. Oral Gabapentin Premedication, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (2011)

59. Attenuation of the Pressor Response to Tracheal Intubation in Severe Preeclampsia: Relative Efficacies of Nitroglycerine Infusion, Sublingual Nifedipine, and Intravenous Hydralazine, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (2011)

60. Gabapentin: An Update of Its Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Use in Epilepsy, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (2011)

61. Post-Delivery Cardiomyopathy in a Patient Admitted to Critical Care Unit; a Rare Case Report, Medical Journal of Reproduction and Infertility (2011)

62. Postoperative Residual Block in Postanesthesia Care Unit More Than Two Hours After the Administration of a Single Intubating Dose of Atracurium, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (2011)

63. Pre-Incisional Analgesia With Intravenous or Subcutaneous Infiltration of Ketamine Reduces Postoperative Pain in Patients After Open Cholecystectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study, Pain Medicine (2011)

64. Spinal Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia for Elective Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (2011)

65. The Analgesic Effect of Midazolam When Added to Lidocaine for Intravenous Regional Anaesthesia, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (2011)

66. The Analgesic Effect of Three Different Doses of Nitroglycerine When Added to Lidocaine for Intravenous Regional Anesthesia in Trauma Patients; [Travma Hastalarinda Intravenoz Rejyonel Anestezi Icin Lidokaine Eklenmesi Durumunda Uc Farkli Nitrogliserin Dozunun Analjezik Etkisi], Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi (2011)

67. Effects of Intraoperative-Intrathecal Sufentanil Injection on Postoperati Pain Management After Single Level Lumbar Discectomy, Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology (2010)

68. Predisposing Factors for Serum Sodium Disturbance in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (Sbi), Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences (2010)

69. A Comparison of Different Doses of Remifentanil and Tracheal Lidocaine on Attenuation of Cardiovascular Responses to Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation, Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences (2009)

70. Low Dose Intravenous Midazolam for Prevention of Ponv, in Lower Abdominal Surgery, Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology (2009)

71. Postoperative Analgesic and Adverse Effects of Two Low Doses of Intrathecal Neostigmine and Its Influence on Spinal Bupivacaine Anaesthesia After Knee Arthroscopy, Acute Pain (2009)

72. Single Level Cervical Disc Herniation: A Questionnaire Based Study on Current Surgical Practices, Indian Journal of Orthopaedics (2009)

73. The Association of Microalbuminuria and Duration of Mechanical Ventilation in Critically Ill Trauma Patients, Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi (2009)

74. The Comparability of Second Dose Thiopental With Lidocaine in the Attenuation of Cardiovascular Response to Endotracheal Intubation, Iranian Cardiovascular Research Journal (2009)

75. The Impact of Admission Hyperglycemia or Hypoalbuminemia on Need Ventilator, Time Ventilated, Mortality, and Morbidity in Critically Ill Trauma Patients, Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi (2009)

76. The Use of Infection Probability Score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Scoring Systems in Predicting Mechanical Ventilation Requirement and Duration, Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi (2009)

77. Attenuation of Cardiovascular Responses to Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation-Intravenous Sufentanil Vs Pethidine, Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology (2008)

78. Beclomethasone Inhaler Versus Intravenous Lidocaine in the Prevention of Postoperative Airway and Throat Complaints: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Annals of Saudi Medicine (2008)

79. Comparison of Prophylactic Use of Midazolam, Ketamine, and Ketamine Plus Midazolam for Prevention of Shivering During Regional Anaesthesia: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Trial, British Journal of Anaesthesia (2008)

80. Do C-Reactive Protein and Body Mass Index Predict Duration of Mechanical Ventilation in Critically Ill Trauma Patients?, Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi (2008)

81. Magnesium Sulphate Pretreatment to Alleviate Pain on Propofol Injection: A Comparison With Ketamine or Lidocaine, Acute Pain (2008)

82. Prediction of Arterial Blood Gas Values From Arterialized Earlobe Blood Gas Values in Patients Treated With Mechanical Ventilation, Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine (2008)

83. Prediction of Difficult Laryngoscopy in Obstetric Patients Scheduled for Caesarean Delivery, European Journal of Anaesthesiology (2008)

84. Prevention of Propofol-Induced Injection Pain by Sufentanil: A Placebo-Controlled Comparison With Remifentanil, Clinical Drug Investigation (2008)

85. The Preventative Analgesic Effect of Preincisional Peritonsillar Infiltration of Two Low Doses of Ketamine for Postoperative Pain Relief in Children Following Adenotonsillectomy. a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study, Paediatric Anaesthesia (2008)

86. Tracheal Intubation Without Muscle Relaxants: A Randomized Study of Remifentanil or Alfentanil in Combination With Thiopental, Annals of Saudi Medicine (2008)

87. Comparison of Effects of Thiopental, Propofol or Ketamine on the Cardiovascular Responses of the Oculocardiac Reflex During Strabismus Surgery, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (2007)

88. Comparison of Infection Probability Score, Apache Ii, and Apache Iii Scoring Systems in Predicting Need for Ventilator and Ventilation Duration in Critically Ill Patients, Archives of Iranian Medicine (2007)

89. Postoperative Analgesia After Caesarean Section: Intermittent Intramuscular Versus Subcutaneous Morphine Boluses, Acute Pain (2007)

90. Preoperative Oral Dextromethorphan Vs. Clonidine to Prevent Tourniquet-Induced Cardiovascular Responses in Orthopaedic Patients Under General Anaesthesia, European Journal of Anaesthesiology (2007)

91. Prediction of Prolonged Laryngoscopy, Anaesthesia (2001)