Evaluation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy With Indocyanine Green and Curcumin on Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells: An in Vitro Photocytotoxicity Investigation Publisher Pubmed



Pourhajibagher M¹ ; Chiniforush N² ; Parker S³ ; Shahabi S⁴ ; Ghorbanzadeh R⁵ ; Kharazifard MJ⁶ ; Bahador A^{1, 2, 6} Show Affiliations
Source: Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Published:2016

Abstract

Recent investigations have suggested that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) can be an alternative treatment for the management of periodontal infections. However, currently there is very limited data regarding the photocytotoxicity of this method on human gingival fibroblast (HuGu) cells. Aim: The in vitro optimal concentrations of indocyanine green (ICG) and curcumin as photosensitizers (PSs) and the irradiation time of diode laser emission were evaluated by assessing the photocytotoxicity of the treatment on HuGu cells. Materials and method: Monolayers of HuGu cells were incubated with various final concentrations of ICG (500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, and 2000 μg/ml) and curcumin (3, 4, 5, 10, and 20 mM). Three exposure times of the diode laser (30 s, 60 s, and 2 × 30 s irradiation with an interval of 1 min between each) and one of exposure time of 5 min for LED were tested; cell viability was determined using neutral red assay. Chlorhexidine (CHX) as a gold standard antimicrobial agent for periodontal disease was considered as a control group. Results: ICG and curcumin significantly reduced HuGu cell viability at concentrations below 1000 μg/ml and 10 mM, respectively (P < 0.01). Cytotoxicity was higher when the cells were treated for 2 × 30 s irradiation with an interval of 1 min and then again exposed to the laser for 30 s (2% and 0.1%). CHX demonstrated no significant reduction in HuGu cell survival. Conclusion: Photocytotoxicity is influenced by PS concentration, exposure time of PS, and time of irradiation. High doses of ICG and curcumin with lowest exposure time of light source and without cytotoxic effects may be an effective strategy for aPDT as an alternative treatment for periodontal disease. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.