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Characterization of Pahs and Metals in Indoor/Outdoor Pm10/Pm2.5/Pm1 in a Retirement Home and a School Dormitory Publisher Pubmed



Hassanvand MS1, 2 ; Naddafi K1, 2 ; Faridi S2 ; Nabizadeh R1, 2 ; Sowlat MH1 ; Momeniha F3 ; Gholampour A4 ; Arhami M5 ; Kashani H6 ; Zare A7 ; Niazi S2 ; Rastkari N1 ; Nazmara S2 ; Ghani M2 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Hassanvand MS1, 2
  2. Naddafi K1, 2
  3. Faridi S2
  4. Nabizadeh R1, 2
  5. Sowlat MH1
  6. Momeniha F3
  7. Gholampour A4
  8. Arhami M5
  9. Kashani H6
  10. Zare A7
  11. Niazi S2
  12. Rastkari N1
  13. Nazmara S2
  14. Ghani M2
  15. Yunesian M1, 2
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Center for Solid Waste Research (CSWR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Science of the Total Environment Published:2015


Abstract

In the present work, we investigated the characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal(loid)s in indoor/outdoor PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in a retirement home and a school dormitory in Tehran from May 2012 to May 2013. The results indicated that the annual levels of indoor and outdoor PM10 and PM2.5 were much higher than the guidelines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO). The most abundant detected metal(loid)s in PM were Si, Fe, Zn, Al, and Pb. We found higher percentages of metal(loid)s in smaller size fractions of PM. Additionally, the results showed that the total PAHs (ΣPAHs) bound to PM were predominantly (83-88%) found in PM2.5, which can penetrate deep into the alveolar regions of the lungs. In general, carcinogenic PAHs accounted for 40-47% of the total PAHs concentrations; furthermore, the smaller the particle size, the higher the percentage of carcinogenic PAHs. The percentages of trace metal(loid)s and carcinogenic PAHs in PM2.5 mass were almost twice as high as those in PM10. This can most likely be responsible for the fact that PM2.5 can cause more adverse health effects than PM10 can. The average BaP-equivalent carcinogenic (BaP-TEQ) levels both indoors and outdoors considerably exceeded the maximum permissible risk level of 1ng/m3 of BaP. The enrichment factors and diagnostic ratios indicated that combustion-related anthropogenic sources, such as gasoline- and diesel-fueled vehicles as well as natural gas combustion, were the major sources of PAHs and trace metal(loid)s bound to PM. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
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