Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Immune Landscape of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Dysregulation of the Immune Responses to the Potential Immunotherapies Publisher Pubmed



Pourbagherisigaroodi A1 ; Momeny M2 ; Rezaei N3, 4, 5 ; Fallah F1 ; Bashash D6
Authors
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Cell Biochemistry and Function Published:2024


Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a considerable global health burden due to its late diagnosis and high morbidity. The liver's specific anatomical and physiological features expose it to various antigens, requiring precise immune regulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a comprehensive overview of the interactions between the immune system and gut microbiota in the development of HCC, as well as the relevant therapeutic approaches are discussed. Dysregulation of immune compartments within the liver microenvironment drives HCC pathogenesis, characterized by elevated regulatory cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and M2 macrophages as well as suppressive molecules, alongside reduced number of effector cells like T cells, natural killer cells, and M1 macrophages. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota also contributes to HCC by disrupting intestinal barrier integrity and triggering overactivated immune responses. Immunotherapy approaches, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, have exhibited promise in HCC management, yet adoptive cell therapy and cancer vaccination research are in the early steps with relatively less favorable outcomes. Further understanding of immune dysregulation, gut microbiota involvement, and therapeutic combination strategies are essential for advancing precision immunotherapy in HCC. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Related Docs
View other Related Docs
1. Recent Progress in the Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Non-Coding Rna-Based Immunotherapy May Improve the Outcome, Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy (2023)
2. Tumor Immunology, Clinical Immunology (2022)
3. Advanced Therapeutic Modalities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Novel Insights, Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (2021)
4. A Comprehensive Review About the Utilization of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Combination Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Updated Review, Cancer Cell International (2022)
5. Cell Therapy Using Anti-Nkg2a Pretreated Natural Killer Cells in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin (2024)
6. Combinational Immune? Cell Therapy of Natural Killer Cells and Sorafenib for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review, Cancer Cell International (2018)
7. Unveiling the Predictive Power of Bacterial Response-Related Genes Signature in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: With Bioinformatics Analyses and Experimental Approaches, Biocell (2024)
8. Nano-Immunotherapy: Overcoming Delivery Challenge of Immune Checkpoint Therapy, Journal of Nanobiotechnology (2023)
Experts (# of related papers)
View all Related Experts
Nima Rezaei (22)
Javad Verdi (6)
Other Related Docs
9. The Current Landscape of Car T-Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors: Mechanisms, Research Progress, Challenges, and Counterstrategies, Frontiers in Immunology (2023)
10. Resistance to Immunotherapy in Human Malignancies: Mechanisms, Research Progresses, Challenges, and Opportunities, Journal of Cellular Physiology (2022)
11. Circulating Low Density Lipoprotein (Ldl), Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation (2018)
12. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy for Lung Cancer and Its Future Paradigms, Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy (2022)
13. Hurdles in Cancer Immunotherapy, Cancer Immunology: Bench to Bedside Immunotherapy of Cancers# Second Edition (2020)
14. Interferons: Role in Cancer Therapy, Immunotherapy (2020)
15. Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Melanoma: Advantages, Shortcomings and Emerging Roles of the Nanoparticles, International Immunopharmacology (2022)
16. The Immunobiology of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancer, Tumor Biology (2016)
17. Exploring the Pharmacological Versatility of Ficus Carica: Modulating Classical Immunometabolism and Beyond, Pharmacological Research (2023)
18. The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines and Tumor Associated Macrophages (Tams) in Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer, Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews (2018)
19. Understanding the Tumor Microenvironment for Effective Immunotherapy, Medicinal Research Reviews (2021)
20. Roles of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancer Metastasis: Immunosuppression and Beyond, Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis (2019)
21. Cancer Immunology, Encyclopedia of Infection and Immunity (2022)
22. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; a Friend or Foe?, Translational Oncology (2023)
23. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Evaluate Blood Levels of Interleukin-6 in Lung Cancer Patients, Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska (2023)
24. Specific Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Cancer: A Systematic Review, Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia) (2017)
25. Immunomodulation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Induction of M2 Population in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages by Pioglitazone, Lupus (2017)
26. Macrophage’S Role in Solid Tumors: Two Edges of a Sword, Cancer Cell International (2023)
27. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Melanoma, Expert Review of Clinical Immunology (2021)
28. Nod-Like Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic (Dysfunction)-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Therapeutic Agents Targeting Nod-Like Receptors, Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews (2023)
29. Pd-1/Pd-L1 Blockade: Prospectives for Immunotherapy in Cancer and Autoimmunity, IUBMB Life (2021)
30. The Effects of Sorafenib and Natural Killer Cell Co-Injection in Combinational Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma; an in Vivo Approach, Pharmacological Reports (2022)
31. Pge2-Ep2/Ep4 Signaling Elicits Mesocar T Cell Immunosuppression in Pancreatic Cancer, Frontiers in Immunology (2023)
32. Pd-1/Pd-L and Autoimmunity: A Growing Relationship, Cellular Immunology (2016)
33. Immunotherapeutic Targets in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Immunology (2023)
34. Immunology of Cutaneous Tumors and Immunotherapy for Melanoma, Cancer Immunology: Cancer Immunotherapy for Organ-Specific Tumors (2015)
35. Neurological Adverse Effects of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy, Expert Review of Clinical Immunology (2023)
36. The Sdldl Reduces Mrc1 Expression Level and Secretion of Histamin E in Differentiated M2-Macrophages From Patients With Coronary Artery Stenosis, Cardiovascular and Hematological Disorders - Drug Targets (2017)
37. Innate Immune-Related Cells and Cytokines in Spondyloarthropathies, Ankylosing Spondylitis - Axial Spondyloarthritis: Cellular# Molecular and Environmental Factors (2021)
38. Nanoparticulate Systems for Combination Therapies of Lung Cancer: A Review, Journal of Nanoparticle Research (2025)
39. Car-Modified T-Cell Therapy for Cancer: An Updated Review, Artificial Cells# Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (2016)
40. A Metabolic Switch to Memory Car T Cells: Implications for Cancer Treatment, Cancer Letters (2021)
41. Recent Advances in Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Opportunities for Nanoparticle-Based Therapy, European Journal of Pharmacology (2021)
42. Nk Cells - Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases, International Immunopharmacology (2022)
43. Immunotherapy in Aml: A Brief Review on Emerging Strategies, Clinical and Translational Oncology (2021)
44. Immunopathology and Immunotherapy of Central Nervous System Cancer, Cancer Immunology: Cancer Immunotherapy for Organ-Specific Tumors (2020)
45. Nanoimmunoengineering Strategies in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, Clinical and Translational Oncology (2023)
46. A Concise Review on Cancer Treatment Methods and Delivery Systems, Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology (2019)
47. Cancer Nanomedicine: Special Focus on Cancer Immunotherapy, Cancer Immunology: Bench to Bedside Immunotherapy of Cancers# Second Edition (2020)
48. Natural Killer Cell–Based Immunotherapy: From Transplantation Toward Targeting Cancer Stem Cells, Journal of Cellular Physiology (2018)
49. Polymeric Nanoparticles As a Promising Platform for Treating Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives, International Journal of Pharmaceutics (2024)
50. The Immune System, Clinical Immunology (2022)