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Nano-Immunotherapy: Overcoming Delivery Challenge of Immune Checkpoint Therapy Publisher Pubmed



Kiaie SH1, 2 ; Salehishadkami H1, 3 ; Sanaei MJ4 ; Azizi M5 ; Shokrollahi Barough M6 ; Nasr MS7 ; Sheibani M8, 9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Formulation Development, ReNAP Therapeutics, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Medical Science, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, 8815713471, Iran
  5. 5. Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Multi-Interprofessional Center for Health Informatics (MICHI), The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
  8. 8. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Nanobiotechnology Published:2023


Abstract

Immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules expressed on tumor cells can suppress immune responses against tumors. ICP therapy promotes anti-tumor immune responses by targeting inhibitory and stimulatory pathways of immune cells like T cells and dendritic cells (DC). The investigation into the combination therapies through novel immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been limited due to immune-related adverse events (irAEs), low response rate, and lack of optimal strategy for combinatorial cancer immunotherapy (IMT). Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as powerful tools to promote multidisciplinary cooperation. The feasibility and efficacy of targeted delivery of ICIs using NPs overcome the primary barrier, improve therapeutic efficacy, and provide a rationale for more clinical investigations. Likewise, NPs can conjugate or encapsulate ICIs, including antibodies, RNAs, and small molecule inhibitors. Therefore, combining the drug delivery system (DDS) with ICP therapy could provide a profitable immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. This article reviews the significant NPs with controlled DDS using current data from clinical and pre-clinical trials on mono- and combination IMT to overcome ICP therapeutic limitations. © 2023, BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
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