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The Safety and Efficacy of Vegfr Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Patients With Gliomas: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and a Specific Analysis on Glioblastoma Publisher Pubmed



Habibi MA1 ; Rashidi F2 ; Hajikarimloo B3 ; Karami S2 ; Fathi Tavani S2 ; Zare A2 ; Mirjani MS4 ; Allahdadi A2 ; Didehvar K5 ; Mohammadzadeh I6 ; Kaviari MA7, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
  4. 4. Student Research Committee, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
  5. 5. School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Skull Base Research Center, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  8. 8. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

Source: Neurosurgical Review Published:2025


Abstract

Gliomas account for 24.5% of all primary brain tumors and 80% of all malignant tumors in adults. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) play an important role in disrupting angiogenesis, tumor growth, and invasion. This study evaluates the outcomes of VEGFR TKIs in patients with glioma, with a specific analysis on glioblastoma (GBM). Electronic databases of PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were conducted until 23 July 2024. Studies that evaluated the survival of patients with glioma treated with VEGFR TKI were included. All statistical analyses were conducted using the R program. A total of 24 studies, including 1,146 glioma patients with a median age range of 5.8 to 62 years were recruited. Regarding progression-free survival (PFS), the six-month PFS rate was reported with a pooled value of 21% [95% CI: 15% to 28%]. The 12-month PFS rate was evaluated in three studies, ranging from 5 to 38% with a pooled rate of 15% [95% CI: 8% to 27%]. Considering the radiological response, the pooled overall response rate (ORR) was 21% [95% CI: 15%-28%]. Evaluation of the subgroups based on drug type at the six-month follow-up showed no significant difference in overall survival (OS) rates among patients (p = 0.06). Our results revealed that VEGFR TKIs in patients with glioma, were associated with limited efficacy. The long-term effectiveness of these treatments remains controversial and requires longer follow-up, which is challenging in cancer cases. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
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